346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [April 8, 



in the instances asserted by Croizet, Christol, Marcel de Serres, and 

 others, jMastodon bones have been mistaken for those of Elephant*. 

 But, putting aside the disputed French cases, it will be seen in the 

 sequel that there are undoubted instances of the occurrence of remains 

 of Mastodon and Elephant in the same strata in the Subapennine beds 

 cf Italy, and in the Crag of Norfolk. In Auvergne and the Yelay, 

 the lacustrine and regenerated alluvial strata of all ages, from the 

 Miocene up to the Postplioceue, have undergone such complicated 

 disturbances from successive volcanic eruptions, that great diificulty 

 has been experienced in separating the members of the various faunas, 

 more especially of the subdivisions of the Pliocene and later period. 

 The utmost diversity of opinion holds among the palaeontologists 

 who have paid most attention to the later types of the fossil Mam- 

 malia of Auvergne, regarding the groups of species which were co- 

 existent at different times. Without going into details, I may observe, 

 that Bravard has endeavoured to make out three distinct faunas after 

 the Miocene lacustrine beds of the Limagne : 1st, ^ Mastozoic, or 

 Pliocene fauna, characterized by the presence of species of Mastodon 

 and the absence of Elephants, Horse, and Hippopotamus ; 2nd, an 

 Elephantine fauna, comprising these genera ; and 3rd, a Biluvian 

 fauna, in which Elephants and Rhinoceros, &c. are wanting f. 

 Pomel, on the other hand, in his last detailed memoir, has attempted 

 to distinguish after the Miocene lacustrine deposits of the Limagne, 

 1st, a Pliocene fauna, cliaracterized by two species of Mastodon, a 

 Rhinoceros, Sus, Tapir, and twelve or fourteen species of Cervus, but 

 no Elephants; 2nd, an alluvial fauna, which he divides into two 

 distinct series of different ages : the one more ancient, comprising 

 Elejy/ias meridionalis, RJiinoceros leptorhinus and Rhinoc Aijmardi, 

 Hippopotamus majoi\ Tapirus eleganSy Ursus spelceus. Bos priscus, 

 Megatitereo7i latidens, and two species of Deer, &c. ; the other, 

 more modern, consisting of E(ep)h. primiijenius, E. priscus, Rhino- 

 ceros tichorhinus, liycena spelceUy Cervus Guettardi, &c.j But 

 there are grave objections to both these arrangements, inasmuch as 

 the association of the species does not correspond with what holds 

 elsewhere in the Pliocene and Postplioceue deposits of Italy, England, 

 and Germany, which are free fi'om:the volcanic intrusions that have 

 overwhelmed and confused the deposits of xluvergne. It suffices for 

 my purpose on the present occasion, to state that, where M. {Tetra- 

 lophodoii) Arvernensis occurs in Auvergne and the Velay, the same 

 species are met with in different localities as are found together in 

 tlie same Pliocene stratum in the plains of Piedmont and Lombardy, 

 namely, M. {Trilophodon) Borsoni, Rhinoceros leptorhinus, Hippo- 

 potamus major, and the Elephants called E. (Loxodon) meridionalis 

 and E. (Loxodon) p}riscus {(), with species of Tapirus, Sus, Cervus, 

 Sic. Tiie numerical agreement of the Auvergne fossil species with 

 those which occur in the richer fauna of the Yal d'Arno is still more 



* Gervais, op. cit. torn. i. p. 36. 



t Bravard, cited by Pomel, * Bullet, de la Soc. Geolog. de France,' 2 ser. torn. iii. 

 p. 178 ct seq. 



X Pomel, loc. cit. and Catalog. Method, et Descriptif, &c. 1854, pp. 172-184. 



