1857.] FALCONER — MASTODON. 347 



considerable. But it is, at the same time, to be remarked, that at the 

 late Meeting of the " Congres Scientifique " of France, held at Puy 

 in Sept. 18.35, MM. Croizet, Aymard, and Pichot'"^ were agreed that 

 the Mastodon-remains in the Velay and Auvergne were of an older 

 age than the beds containing Elephant-remains. 



{Mastodon of the Crag?) — I shall now pass under review the cir- 

 cumstances under which M. {Tetralophodon) Arvernensis occurs in 

 British strata. 



First, in the " Flnvio-marine " or "Norwich Crag." Undoubted 

 remains of this species have been discovered in this deposit : at Whit- 

 lingham by Mr. William Smith ; at Ilorstead by Messrs. Layton, 

 S. Woodward, and Gunn ; at Postwick, Thorpe, and Norwich by 

 Messrs. Fitch and Wlgham ; at Bramerton by Mr. S. Woodward and 

 Capt. Alexander ; and in Suffolk, at Easton and Sizewell Gap by 

 Capt. Alexander. The entire skeleton, of which so circumstantial 

 an account has been given by the Rev. Mr. Layton, is stated to 

 have been found on the surface of a bed of marl, " between the chalk 

 and gravel," at Horstead, without indicating the precise relation of 

 the bed to the Crag and the superincumbent blue clay or submerged 

 forest-bed. I have examined the most of these specimens, either in 

 original or as casts, at the museums in Norwich and London, and 

 found them all referable to the species, as here limited. 



Various statements have been made by different writers regarding 

 the fossil Mammalia associated in the Fluvio-marine Crag, with the 

 Mastodon or without it. I\Ir. William Smith's celebrated Whitiing- 

 ham specimen is said to have been found along with the horns of 

 Deer, and Crag-shellsf. Mr. R. C. Taylor^ mentions that the Crag 

 of Bramerton has yielded " the Mastodon, the Elephant, the Gigantic 

 Elk and the Enormous-horned Bison." Mr. Charlesworth § states, 

 that bones of Elephant and other herbivorous animals are more 

 frequently associated with shells in the Mammaliferous than in the 

 Red Crag, but he does not mention what the species are. Sir Charles 

 Lyell II, in his memoir on the "Relative Ages of the Norfolk and 

 Suffolk Crag," states that the Fluvio-marine Crag, near Southwold, 

 has yielded the remains of the Elephant, Rhinoceros, Horse, and Deer, 

 mixed with marine, terrestrial, and freshwater shells ; and that in the 

 inland pits near the same place he found mammalian remains asso- 

 ciated with the Cyrena trigonula of Grays and elsewhere. He 

 mentions, that " the horns of Stags, bones and teeth of Horse, Pig, 

 Elephant, and other quadrupeds," associated with Mastodon, had 

 been obtained at Postwick, Thorpe, Bramerton, and other localities 

 near Norwich. The tusk of an Elephant was obtained at Bramerton, 

 covered with Serpul(B, showing that it had lain for some time at the 

 bottom of the sea of the Norwich Crag^. 



* Congres Scientifique de France, 1855, torn. i. p. 325. 



t Tavlor, Geology of East Norfolk, 1827, p. 14. 



X Lo'c. cit. § Phil. Mag. 3rd ser. vol. vii. 1835, p. 89. 



II Geol. Proc. vol. iii. p. 127 ; and Mag. Nat. Hist, new ser. vol. iii. p. 316. 



«[[ Op. cit. p. 128. 



