1857.] FALCONER — MASTODON. 351 



in particular, in the Museum of Practical Geology, is marked as being 

 from Felixstow, and other reputed instances of the same kind will 

 be noticed in the sequel. 



In the " Conspectus " contained in the ' British Fossil MammaHa,' 

 Prof. Owen enumerates, as Mammalia of the "Miocene Red Crag," 

 remains of Ursiis, Meles, Felis pardoides, Sus, and Cervus. But he 

 adds in a note, that ''the nature of the stratum renders the actual 

 ase of these fossils doubtful." To the enumeration of the five Eocene 

 species of Cetacea in the same conspectus, he appends a note, " that 

 most of them occur in the Miocene Crag, but there is little doubt 

 that they were washed out of the underlying Eocene clay." The 

 " Cetotolites " in question were discovered by Professor Henslow in 

 the Red Crag at Felixstow *, which has yielded abundant mamma- 

 lian remains of herbivorous quadrupeds. In his late paper. Pro- 

 fessor Owen gives an account, more or less detailed, of the remains 

 of twelve species of Mammalia (exclusive of Cetacea) from the Red 

 Cragj belonging to the genera Rhinoceros, Tapiviis, Sus, Equus and 

 probably Hipparion, Mastodon, Cervus (of the subgenera Dicrano- 

 ceros and Megaceros), Felis (two species), Canis, and U?'sus. He 

 sums up with the following conclusion, which, from its importance, 

 I quote in extenso : — 



" From the foregoing details it will be seen that the researches now 

 applied during fifteen years to the mammalian fossils of the Red Crag 

 of Suffolk have led to the very interesting result, that the majority 

 of them are identical, or closely correspond, with miocene forms of 

 Mammalia, and especially with those from the Eppelsheim locality, 

 described by Prof. Kaup. In Suffolk, as in Darmstadt, we find the- 

 Mastodon longirostris. Rhinoceros Schleiermacheri, Tapirus priscus, 

 Sus palceochcerus, and Cervus dicranoceros, associated together in the 

 same forniation ; and, with these miocene forms of extinct jMammalia 

 in the Red Crag, we have likewise a Cetacean which most closely 

 resembles a miocene species of that order, previously recognized in 

 the Crag or Molasse of the Continent. At the same time there are, 

 as e. g. in the Megaceros, specimens of newer pliocene or pleistocene 

 forms of Mammalia mingled with the older tertiary species ; whilst, 

 on the other hand, eocene forms of fish, as e.g. Edaphodon, with 

 Myliobatidcs and eocene Crustacea, have been obtained from the 

 Red Crag pits. 



*' As, however, several of the JMammalia which occur in miocene 

 formations are also found in the older pliocene deposits in parts of 

 France, it would be rash, perhaps, to pronounce positively on the 

 miocene age of any of the above-cited crag-fossils ; but it is certain 

 that the majority of those mammalian fossils, and by far the greatest 

 proportion of individual specimens, belong to an older tertiary period 

 than the Mammalia of the newer pliocene drifts, gravels, brick- earths, 

 and bone-caves." (^Loc. cit. p. 229.) 



In this view, regarded in the most restricted sense, a very mixed 

 origin and complex character arc attributed to the Mammalian fossils 

 t)f the Red Crag, and it would seem to be open to several objections, 

 * Quart. Jouru. Geol. Soc. vol. i. p. 37. 



