1857.] FALCONER MASTODON. 357 



loaded with similar shells, both being of the Subapennine Pliocene 

 age. Cortesi discovered in the blue clay, at different points, nearly 

 entire skeletons of extinct whales, referred by Cuvier to the Rorquals 

 (Balcenoptera Cortesii and Baloinoptera Cuvierii *), and of Dolphins 

 alhed to Phoccena Orca, but differing in the form of the cranium 

 {PhocfBiia Coi'tesiif, and other species unnamed). Near the summit of 

 Monte Pulgnasco, in the overlying stratified sands, the greater part 

 of a skeleton of the Val d'Arno Elephant, E. (Loxod.) meridionalis, 

 was discovered ; and upon Monte Zago the original skull, together 

 with many other bones, of the individual Rhinoceros upon which 

 Cuvier founded his Rhinoc. leptorhinus as distinct from P. ticho- 

 rhinus. The Rhinoceros skeleton was found in the sandy strata, but 

 resting immediately upon the blue clay, and with upwards of 200 feet 

 of strata above it. I was enabled, by the kind permission of Dr. 

 Emilio Cornalia, to examine the fine collection of these Monte Pul- 

 gnasco remains deposited in the Natural History Museum at Milan, 

 including, among others, the palate specimen of the Elephant de- 

 scribed by Cortesi %, which I found to be identical with E. (Loxodon) 

 meridionalis of the Val d'Arno and Fluvio-marine Crag. 



Here are two cases of the association of Pliocene Cetacea with 

 terrestrial Mammals, under circumstances where extraneous admix- 

 ture is inadmissible. Cetacean remains were long ago described by 

 Cuvier from the Crag of x\ntwerp §. Lyell found in the same forma- 

 tion numerous specimens of bones said to be of BalcBiioptera and Zi- 

 phius, which bore no marks of rolling as if washed out of older beds ; 

 and he inferred that the animals to which they belonged once co- 

 existed in the same sea with the associated Crag MoUusca 1| . He 

 considers the strata to be Older Pliocene, equivalents of the Red 

 Crag and Coralline Crag. 



Professor Owen, in his late memoir, enumerates some additions 

 to the Cetacean remains from the Red Crag described in the 'British 

 Fossil Mammalia.' Among these are portions of an upper jaw very 

 closely resembling the Dioplodon Becanii of Gervais {Ziphius of 

 Cuvier), and " water-worn teeth corresponding in size and form " 

 with those of the Hoplocetus crassidens, an obscure and as yet 

 imperfectly determined form, provisionally so named by Gervais ^, 

 from the Miocene Faluns of La Drome. Another supposed species 

 of the genus, named Hoplocetus curvidens by the same palaeonto- 

 logist, is founded upon specimens procured from the Pliocene sands 

 of Montpellier. The Crag " Cetotolites " {i. e. the same species) 

 have nowhere as yet been described as occurring in Eocene beds in 

 England ; and the whole bearing of the evidence would seem to in- 



* Diction. Univers. d'Histoire Natur. torn. ii. p. 443. 



t Op. cit. torn, iv, p. 634. 



\ Cortesi, op. cit. p. 68. t. 6. f. 1, 2. § Oss. Foss. torn. v. p. 352, 



II Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. viii. p. 281 ; and Manual of Geology, 5th edit, 

 p. 174. 



^ Paleont. Franc, torn. i. p. 161. Gervais throws out a suggestion, that his 

 Hoplocetus may have a connexion with the Balcenodon of Professor Owen ; but 

 does not enter into a detailed comparison. 



2 c 2 



