LIPOLD TERTIARIES OF CARINTHIA. 7 



The fauna of the Suabian sandstones in question furnishes the 

 concluding link of the geological chain ; and we do not hesitate to 

 assert that the question, whether the Kossen strata are to be ranked 

 with the Lower Lias, or with the St. Cassian deposits, cannot be 

 decided without coming to the same result with regard to the Bone- 

 bed ; and that the Mammalian remains of the Bone-bed belong to 

 the same epoch as the Kossen beds of the Eastern Alps. 



On the Tertiary Deposits of the South-east o/Carinthia. 



By M. LipOLD. 



[Proceed. Imp. Geol. Instit. Vienna, January 29, 1856.] 



This district was visited by M. Lipoid in the summer of 1855. The 

 " diluvium " lies along the whole course of the River Drave, from the 

 Rosenthal to Drauburg, where the river leaves the Carinthian terri- 

 tory ; it extends also over the wide plains of the Jaun valley. Less 

 extensive deposits are met with in the Vellach and Miss valleys. In 

 the lower portion of the valley of the Drave, the diluvium attains a 

 thickness of 300 feet ; and is composed of gravel and conglomerates, 

 clay appearing in some few isolated localities only. Near Pereschitzen 

 the diluvium or drift is o^'erlaid with extensive layers of calcareous 

 tuff, used for building-purposes. 



The Tertiaries form a nearly continuous range of hills, running E. 

 and W., along the northern foot of the Carinthian limestone-moun- 

 tains, from the Rosenthal to the frontier of Styria. Some few 

 isolated deposits of the same period occur within the region of the 

 calcareous Alps. On the right bank of the Drave and in the Jaun 

 valley, the tertiaries assume almost exclusively the character of 

 conglomerates, lying horizontally on the base of the calcareous 

 mountains, or rising in isolated hills amidst the plains of drift. They 

 may be regarded as a continuation of the Turia and Satnitz tertiaries 

 on the left of the Drave, which has broken through these strata, 

 having on both its banks highly picturesque perpendicular cliffs. 



The average thickness of the conglomerates is 600 feet : on the 

 calcareous rocks of the Rosenthal rolled fragments of the tertiary 

 deposits are found at 3600 feet above the valley ; and near Windisch- 

 Bleiberg the tertiary conglomerates reach an elevation of 4000 feet 

 above the level of the Adriatic. 



The older tertiaries, consisting of sands, sandstones, and plastic 

 clay, are rarely exposed in the region above described, but prevail 

 towards the east, and are everywhere more or less lignitiferous. 

 Near Unterorl five beds of lignite, of from 1 to 2 feet average thick- 

 ness, have been opened in a deposit of plastic clay, containing in its 

 sandy portions Helix injlexa. Martens, which also occurs in the 

 Neogene freshwater strata of Steinheim, Wirttemberg. The tertiary 

 beds of Unterorl trend from N.VV. to S.E. with a slight dip to 

 the S.W. 



The tertiary deposits of Missbach are separated from the above- 



