db C. L. HERRICK THE CUYAHOGA AND WAYERLY. 



counties, aud extended the exact knowledge as far as Lodi and Burbank ;* 

 but there still remained the problem of the Cuyahoga shale proper, and with 

 the solution of this rested the raveling of the strange snarl which has so 

 long puzzled geologists. The very simple solution of the problem suggested 

 by Orton seemed cut off by the results of Mr. Ulrich's study of the bryozoa 

 from Lodi, Bagdad, Richfield and other localities within the area occupied 

 by the Cuyahoga shale. Mr. Ulrich, after describing forty-one species, 

 finds 41 per cent, of the number identical with those identified by him from 

 the Keokuk and Burlington of Illinois. Inasmuch as these species were 

 known in several cases to also occur in shales only fifty feet below the Car- 

 boniferous conglomerate at Cuyahoga Falls and the large fauna at that place 

 had not yet been studied, we felt that his conclusions had much weight, 

 especially in view of the fact that undoubted Keokuk and Burlington strata 

 occur in central and southern Ohio within the one hundred feet immediately 

 below the Coal Measures. 



The work of the present season has happily set the general question quite 

 at rest, and will doubtless shed a flood of light on the affinities of the crinoids 

 of the Cuyahoga which have caused so much discussion. Their curious re- 

 semblances to the Devonian species and the strange commingling of Car- 

 boniferous characters can no longer be regarded as abnormal. Regarding 

 the bryozoa, it must be remembered that the Kinderhook has thus far pro- 

 duced few bryozoa, and the bryozoan fauna of the Chemung is yet to be 

 discovered. At what time the Burlington bryozoa appeared and what their 

 range in time may have been remain to be seen. A large supply of bryozoa 

 may be found in the Keokuk and Burlington of southern Ohio, but they 

 must be studied microscopically when the rocks are first broken open, as 

 they are too fragile to bear transportation. The mistakes which have pre- 

 vented a proper paleontological understanding of the Waverly consisted in 

 the belief that the uppermost part of the Cuyahoga shale, the lower part of 

 the Waverly in central and southern Ohio, and the Bedford shale are un- 

 fossiliferous. 



We have been so fortunate as to discover a rich fauna within 15 feet of 

 the conglomerate at Cuyahoga Falls and extending 50-60 feet below. This 

 also occurs at Akron (in spite of the assurance of numerous collectors who 

 have stated that the shales are positively barren) "j". The most remarkable 

 storehouse of fossils is derived from calcareous and ferruginous concretions 

 containing galenite and blende. These occur 50 feet below the Millstone 

 grit at Cuyahoga Falls and Akron. They occur at Richfield, Bagdad, Lodi, 

 Ashland county, Moot's run, Licking county, and even in Scioto county, on 

 the Ohio river. In short, they indicate a practically constant horizon from 



*See his report, Bui. Denison Univ., vol. V, 1890, pp. 24-34. 



t Professor Claypole informs me that he had also noticed this fossiliferous horizon at Akron. 



