FAUNA OF THE CUYAHOGA SHALE. 37 



the extreme northern to the southern limits of the state, which is not only con. 

 stant in lithological character and in the main elements of the fauna but also 

 in its stratigraphical relations when referred to the Berea grit as a base line, 

 in spite of slight local modifications, which have value as representing 

 zoological and geological stations simply. Evidence can be given on this 

 point which is absolutely conclusive. In the first place, a careful instru- 

 mental survey has correlated the horizons stratigraphically beyond possi- 

 bility of error. On these grounds alone we can positively assert that the 

 Cuyahoga shale as represented in the northern tier of counties is identical 

 with that part of the Waverly lying below conglomerate I — i. e., below the 

 undoubted actual equivalent of the Kinderhook of central Ohio. The fos- 

 siliferous horizons of Granville, Newark, Rushville and Winchell's division 

 4 on the Ohio river are all above the top of the Cuyahoga. Mr. Cooper and 

 myself have traced the limits of division II by means of the conglomerates 

 and associated fossils along a line emerging from beneath the Coal Measures 

 apparently not far from Seville, passing between Wooster and Burbank, 

 southeast of Ashland, west of Independence, west of Granville and Newark, 

 east of Lancaster and west of Rushville to the Ohio river near Buena Vista. 

 But the evidence which is beyond suspicion is that derived from the fauna. 

 The large assemblage of fossils derived from Moot's run. Licking county, is 

 sharply distinguished from anything found in the remaining Waverly in cen- 

 tral Ohio. Very few of these species occur elsewhere in the series. The spec- 

 imens hitherto derived from the upper part of the Cuyahoga were from the 

 shales and were curious depauperate forms baffling identification ; but the 

 recently discovered fauna of the concretions from the same horizon reveals 

 a large series of familiar forms sharply characteristic of the Moot's run and 

 Lodi horizon. These forms include, besides many others, the following 

 species : 



1. Pterinopeden sliumardianum. 8. Spirijer tenuispinatiis. 



2. Edmondia sulcifera. 9. Productus newberryi. 



3. Phaelhonidts spinosus. 10. Pterinopeden carinijerus. 



4. Crenipeden cancellatus. 11. Athyris ashlandensis. 



5. Proetus prcecursor. 12. Terehratula inconstans. 



6. Fenestella herrickana. 13. Crenipeden cooperi. 



7. Spirifer marionensis. 



The Waverly Shale. — The stratum so termed by us is lithologically similar 

 to the Cuyahoga shale, and, being confined to central Ohio and occupying a 

 thickness of only 40 feet immediately below conglomerate I, might be ignored 

 in our enumeration were it not for the fact that it contains a large number 

 of species found also in Michigan and Illinois, Its fossils have been found 

 thus far only in Licking and the adjoining counties. The term is perhaps 



