38 C. L. HERRICK— THE CUYAHOGA AND WAVERLY. 



unfortunate, and for convenience this shale might be merged with our division 

 II, from paleontological resemblance, though continuous with the Cuyahoga 

 shale stratigraphically and resembling it lithologically. 



The Kinderhooh. — With this section (our division II) we enter the group 

 of olive and yellowish freestones and conglomerates called by Professor Orton 

 the Logan group. The term was originally applied to our division III, to 

 which it should apparently be restricted. 



Even Professor Orton fails to distinguish the conglomerates which in 

 typical sections sharply limit the middle Waverly. The local thickenings 

 in these conglomerates have caused more trouble than any other feature of 

 the Waverly. The band of characteristic fossils lying beneath the second 

 conglomerate, /Sa^i^mno/to obliquus, Allorisma winchelli, Prothyris meeki, etc., 

 is, fortunately, very persistent and well limited, even when the conglomerate 

 is absent, having been traced from Sciotoville to the northern exposures in 

 Wayne county. 



The Burlington and Keokuk. — These formations are in part, at least, repre- 

 sented by the 200 feet or so which lie beneath the Chester and are very fos- 

 siliferous in some localities. Unfortunately the beds referred to the Keokuk 

 are usually removed by erosion and if not are seldom well exposed. They 

 are characterized by a deep red color and a great abundance of fossils which, 

 though often well preserved, can rarely be removed from their matrix. 

 Fhillipsia meramecensis, P. serraticaudata and Spirifer keokuk are among the 

 characteristic fossils. 



Summary. — The general results of our study may be summarized as fol- 

 lows: 



1. The Berea grit is the natural floor of the series, the Bedford shale having 



its faunal relations decidedly with the shales of the Devonian below. 



2. The Bedford affords a striking exemplification of the doctrine of colonies,'^ 



and that portion lying to the southwest beyond the western limits of 

 the Erie retained a fauna derived from the Hamilton long after this 

 fauna had perished to the eastward. 



8. The Cuyahoga shales (including the whole series above the Berea so far 

 as present in the Cuyahoga valley) is divisible into three minor sec- 

 tions, the uppermost of which is characterized by a vast abundance 

 of fossils, which are especially well preserved in calcareous or ferru- 

 ginous concretions, is a constant and almost unvarying horizon, ex- 

 tending from Lake Erie to the Ohio river. The Cuyahoga proper is 

 never more than 200 feet thick, and forms a transition zone, Avith a 

 prevailing Devonian habitus. 



5. The upper portion of the Waverly is quite distinct from what precedes in 

 fauna, and contains an undoubtedly lower Carboniferous assemblage. 



*It is suggested by Williams that this term can only be used in a modified sense. 



