BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 

 Vol. 2, pp. 243-276 March 5, 1891 



GLACIAL LAKES IN CANADA. 



BY WARREN UPHAM. 



[Read before the Society December 31, 1890.) 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Introduction 243 



Definition 243 



Extent and Numbers 243 



Evidences of Glacial Lakes 244 



Outlets. __■ 244 



Eroded Cliffs 245 



Beaches _• 246 



Deltas 247 



Lacustrine Sediments 248 



Principal Glacial Lakes of Canada 249 



British Columbia, Athabasca, and the Northwest Territory 249 



Alberta, Assiniboia, and Saskatchewan 250 



Manitoba and Keewatin 252 



Ontario 258 



Quebec, the Eastern Provinces, the Northeast Territory, and Labrador 265 



Extent and Thickness of the Ice-Sheet , 265 



Proportion of Englacial Drift supplied to the Deltas of Glacial Lakes 272 



Discussion 275 



Introduction. 



Definition. — A glacial lake, according to my use of the terra in this paper 

 and elsewhere, is a body of water bounded in part by a barrier of land-ice. 

 The lake may be hemmed in by a glacier, as the Merjelen see, or by a con- 

 tinental ice-sheet, as Lake Agassiz. And the same name is also applicable 

 to the lakelets, wholly bounded by ice, which are occasionally formed, attain- 

 ing a considerable depth and extent and continuing through several years, 

 on the surface of glaciers, as in the Himalayan range, or on an ice-sheet, as 

 observed by Nordenskiold in Greenland. 



Extent and numbers. — The abundant and extensive development of glacial 

 lakes here to be considered attended the recession of the ice-sheet of the 

 second or last Glacial epoch in Canada, being due to the temporary dam- 



XXXVII-BuLL. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 2, 1890. (243) 



