Results of Recent Researches. 



Discoveries of Fossils.— r-During the past summer the writer has spent some 

 time in this region endeavoring to determine the relation of the quartzite 

 series of Pine hill to the similar series of Olenellus age in the main range. 

 For a while he had the assistance of Dr. A. F. Foerste, who searched for 

 fossils in favorable places. All but two of the fossil localities were found by 

 Dr. Foerste, to whose trained eye these more important results are due, and 

 whose paleontological determiuations are here followed. 



The character and position of the rocks are as follows : On the slopes of 

 the " frontal " range the Cambrian quartzite varies greatly in lithological 

 character; it is massive or micaceous, contains beds of schist, and passes into 

 the metamorphic conglomerate and cement which intervene between it and 

 the gneisses proper of the Green mountains eastward. This cement rock 

 contains a small bed or beds of crystalline limestone, the rocks are very 

 much folded, and the structure is complicated by secondary schistosity and 

 cleavage. The dip of the quartzite is eastward and very steep at this point. 

 Its contact with the limestone of the Rutland valley on the west is, at the 

 place of the section (figure 2), covered by drift; but it is found to be con- 

 formable further south. 



The limestone is variable in character ; it is in some beds white, coarsely 

 crystalline ; in others fine-grained, gray, dolomitic. It is often filled with 

 small rounded detrital grains of quartz, so that it resembles phases of the 

 quartzite save that the quartz cement is replaced by lime. It has at the 

 place of the section, throughout its width, a low easterly dip, varying be- 

 tween 25° and 30° ; sometimes flatter, and rolling. It extends many miles 

 southward in this valley, but toward the north it is cut off by the rocks of 

 Pine hill, which bend around to join the main range of quartzite. In this 

 respect existing geological maps need correction, for in them this limestone 

 is made to join the next belt westward, in Pittsford. 



At its western edge the Rutland limestone is found resting conformably 

 on the quartzite of Pine hill, both dipping eastward 25° to 30° and connected 

 by transitional layers of calcareous quartzite. This contact line can be fol- 

 lowed from the section northward two miles and eastward one mile, the strike 

 turning to east-and-west with a gentle southerly dip ; drift then covers the 

 contact. It is evident, therefore, that the limestone lies in a trough of the 

 quartzite which dies out northward. 



At the first favorable locality visited with Dr. Foerste, he found fragments 

 and more or less perfect specimens of a Katorgina of middle or lower Cam- 

 'brian type; associated fragments seemed to belong to a Luigula. This is a 



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