SPRINGS, LIVING AND EXTINCT. 393 



Sulphur springs in Eocene (Tejon) sandstone occur at the mouth of Pine 

 canon. There is also a sulphur spring about eight-tenths of a mile east of 

 the main peak. 



There are two large deposits of travertine associated with white Tejon 

 sandstone, one about two miles and the other perhaps three miles northwest 

 of Pyramid hill. The calcite of the travertine resembles stalactitic calcite 

 as to color (a dirty white), and Professor Whitney states that some of it 

 shows concentric lines of deposition. 



Tertiary Eruptives. 



Dikes of micaceous hornblende- and esite exist in the little altered Creta- 

 ceous strata east of the main mass of the mountain. Some shale taken at the 

 contact of one of these dikes was found by Mr. Lindgren to contain some 

 newly formed hornblende, while similar shale a few feet off showed no altera- 

 tion. 



About two miles west-by-north of Clayton there is a considerable area of 

 basalt. It contains abundant olivine. Some of this rock is quarried and 

 used for paving. 



There is also considerable audesitic tufa and conglomerate in the neighbor- 

 hood of Kirker pass, north of the mountain, associated with fossiliferous 

 beds which have been referred by Professor Whitney to the Pliocene ; and 

 again by the Railroad ranch reservoir, south of the mountain, associated 

 with fossil leaves, probably Pliocene. 



The Sedimentary Terranes. 



The General Section. — As may be seen by referring to Mr. Becker's papar 

 on the " Stratigraphy of California," ^'^ and Dr. White's papers on the pale- 

 ontology of the Pacific slope,t there have been recognized in the Coast 

 ranges of California the following Cretaceous and later terranes : 



Knoxville Beds — Neocomian. 1 

 Horsetown Beds — Gault. J ^* 



Wcdlala Beds — Middle Cretaceous. 

 Chieo Beds — Upper Cretaceous. 

 Tejon Beds — Eocene. 

 Miocene. 

 Pliocene. 

 Post-Pliocene. 



With the exception of the Horsetown and Wallala beds, all these forma- 

 tions are represented at Mount Diablo. 



* Bulletin U. S. Geol. Surv., no. 19, 1885. 



t Bulletins U. S. Geol. Surv., no. 15, 1885 ; no. 22, 1885; and no. 51, 1889. 



