RECENT ELEVATION IN LABRADOR AND THE WEST INDIES. 475 



the highlands of Labrador (1,500 to 2,000 feet), shows the recent northern 

 uplift to have been less than in New England. 



Combining the movement of the east and the west, it would appear that 

 the great Pleistocene uplift reached its maximum along a line between the 

 Gulf of St, Lawrence and Vancouver island, rather than in higher latitudes. 

 The youthfulness of the northern topographical features shows that the eleva- 

 tion of the lands in the higher latitudes, above the base-level of river erosion, 

 has taken place in recent geological times, for there is a lack of such great 

 canons in the country north of the great lake zone as occur in the region to 

 the south of it. 



If the subsidence of the northern portion of the continent appears to have 

 been great, that of Barbadoes, toward the southeast, appears to have been 

 greater; for Messrs. J. B. Harrington and A. J. Jukes-Browne^ have pointed 

 out that there are on the island oceanic deposits resting upon beds of sand- 

 stone and shales of probably Miocene age, and beneath coral formations of 

 age not greater than the Pleistocene. These deposits indicate an origin of 

 not less than a thousand fathoms, and, as Mr. Jukes-Browne points out, 

 probably of vastly greater depth. This geologically recent subsidence was 

 not likely synchronous with that to the north, but may have been one of 

 those alternating conditions suggested by Dr. Dawson. 



The fjords of the coast of Norway show that the Scandinavian peninsula 

 lately stood 4,000 feet higher than now. The silt and terrace deposits at 

 3,000 feetf point to a subsidence of that region the same as similar deposits 

 in the mountains of America. 



The deep submerged channels south of Asia, like that of the Ganges, 

 which is 3,570 feet deep, proves a recent submergence of that amount. But 

 such deep channels are not khown north of Asia ; consequently the higher 

 latitudes do not show a great amount of late depression. The Pliocene 

 deposits in Sicily, at 3,000 feet, demonstrate a recent elevation. 



Pliocene deposits in the southeast of England are now found at 600 feet 

 above tide. Their counterparts at Utrecht have been shown by Mr. Clement 

 Reid to be now submerged more than 1,143 feet. J 



The oft-quoted Moel Tryfean deposits, in northwestern Wales, show marine 

 shells at 1,400 feet, with similar but unfossiliferous beds rising to nearly 2,000 

 feet. These deposits, which I have visited, I consider to have been formed 

 where found ; but they do not represent so late a subsidence as our deposits 

 in the lake region, for they are not the superficial gravel, but are covered 

 by a few feet of more recent till. 



These few foreign examples just cited show that the continental move- 

 ments, as set forth in this paper, are not peculiar to America ; but they were 



♦Geology of Barbadoes, 1890. 



t" High Level Terraces of Norway," J. R. Dakyns : Geol. Mag., sec. H, vol. IV, 1877. p. 72. 



i Brit. Admir. Chart, no. 70. 



