209 



By slow distillation (4 ccs. per minute), the first fraction 

 was found to have a dextro-rotation of 1°. This fraction con- 

 tained a large quantity of aldehydes, their presence being 

 proved by Schiff's reagent. Aldehydes were also found in 

 quantity in the last fraction. Distillations under reduced 

 pressure gave very similar results. 



The oil was next subjected to steam distillation. 



A 2. — One litre of the crude oil was steam distilled in 

 seven hours. The distillate was collected in the following 



fractions : - 



— 











Amount. 



Rotation 





U) . 



. 50 ccs. 



- 7-0° 





(b) . 



. 50 ccs. 



- 7-2° 





(c) . 



. 100 ccs. 



- 7-6° 





(d) . 



. 100 ccs. 



- 6-3° 





(e) . 



. 100 ccs. 



- 6*0° 





(f) . 



. 100 ccs. 



- 7-1° 





(g) . 



. 100 ccs. 



- 7-0° 





(h) . 



. 100 ccs. 



- 8-4° 





(i) . 



. 100 ccs. 



- 8-9° 





(J) • 



. 100 ccs. 



-11-7° 





(k) . 



. 50 ccs. 



-22-8° 



A 3. — Another litre of the crude oil was similarly steam 

 distilled in seven hours and the distillate collected in the fol- 

 lowing fractions : — 









Specific 



Refractive 



Disper- 





Amount. 



Rotation. 



Gravity. 



Index. 



sion. 



(a) 



25 ccs. 



- 5'o6° 



. — 



— 



— 



(b) 



25 ccs. 



- 5-74° 



0^9105 



1-4690 



0-01003 



(c) 



788 ccs. 



- 6-9° 



0-9047 



1-4682 



0-01001 



(d) 



78 ccs. 



-12-2° 



0-9210 



1-4737 



0-01043 



(e) 



42 ccs. 



-26-15° 



— 



— 



— 



In the next three distillations the oil was treated with 

 sodium hydroxide either before and /or during distillation, the 

 object being to fix, and thus ensure as far as possible th© 

 removal of the aldehydes. 



A ]/.. — One litre of the crude oil was shaken with 300 ccs, 

 of a 5 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution. The oil was 

 separated three days later and steam distilled. The distillate 

 was collected in the following fractions : — 



Amount. 



(a) 63 ccs. 



(b) 786 ccs. 



(c) 46 ccs. 



(d) 68 ccs. 



Rotation. 



- 5-19° 



- 6-7° 



- 9-85° 

 -26-18° 



Specific 

 Gravity. 



0-9263 

 0-9049 

 0-9177 ' 

 0-9475 



Refractive 

 Index. 

 1-4702 

 1-4679 

 1-4712 

 1-4875 



Disper- 

 sion. 



0-00996 

 0-01012 

 0-01060 

 0-01204 



A 5. — One litre of crude oil was shaken with 600 ccs. of 

 a 20 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution for several days and 



