TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 157 



SOME RESULTS OF DEEP DRILLING 7.Y THE APPALACHIAN OIL AND 



GAS FIELDS 



BY I. C. WHITE 



(Ahstract) 



A discussion of the stratigraphic, .geologic, temperature, and other results 

 obtained by deep-well drilling in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and also 

 giving summary records of two of the deepest wells in the world (7,386 and 

 7,579 feet) from West Virginia and two very deep wells (7,248 feet and still 

 drilling) in Pennsylvania. 



Presented without manuscript. 



Discussed by Prof. A. C. Lane, who said in part : 



Prof. A. C. Lane : These wells add information from the economic geologist 

 that we could not otherwise obtain. For instance, the rate of increase of 

 temperature, the geothermal gradient, seems somewhat greater at the greater 

 depths. This may be accounted for by varying diffusivity of strata and in 

 other ways, but if a general phenomenon, it suggests that the mean surface 

 temperature has increased since the last ice age, and that the temperature 

 wave thereby started down has not reached a depth of 7,000 feet. 



GEOLOGY OF THE ORE DEPOSITS OF KENNECOTT, ALASKA 

 BY ALAN M. BATEMAN 



{Abstract) 



The unique copjier deposits of Kennecott, Alaska, present many peculiar and 

 interesting features, and the origin of the great masses of chalcocite has long 

 been a puzzle. Their deciphering involves the origin of fractures unusual in 

 form ; of a peculiar kind of primary mineralization unparalleled in other de- 

 posits ; of a source of metals not customarily considered, as well as agents of 

 transportation but seldom referred to. No conclusions can be reached without 

 carefully weighing the primary or secondary origin of the chalcocite, and much 

 of interest is added regarding the distribution of oxidation and ground water. 

 It is with these problems that the paper deals, and the salient facts and con- 

 clusions will be briefly presented. 



The ore deposits occur in the Upper Triassic Chitistone limestone, which 

 conformably overlies the basaltic lava-flows comprising the Nikolai greenstone, 

 of presumed Triassic age. The formations have been folded into a gently 

 pitching major anticline, one flank of which has been eroded, and the other 

 crinkled, faulted, and fractured. In these fractures circulated warmed solu- 

 tions from which copper minerals were deposited, partly as cavity fillings, 

 but largely as massive replacement of the limestone. No gangue minerals 

 were introduced and the walls are unaltered. Aside from the dolomite lime- 

 stone country rock, the ore consists almost entirely of the elements, copper 

 and sulphur, with traces of iron, arsenic, and silica. Oxidation has produced 



