GLACIAL FEATURES OF THE TORNGATS 321 



is 30 miles long, and its valley, occui^ied by a river and a fiord-like lake, 

 continues 15 miles farther west, cutting across the highest part of the 

 mountains. It did not, however, furnisli an outlet for the Labrador ice 

 to the sea, as has been supposed, but was occupied by a long local glacier 

 fed by numerous lateral glaciers from north and soutli. At the liead 

 of the fiord the ice j^robably stood 2,000 or 2,100 feet above the sea, its 

 surface sinking to about 1,400 feet at the outlet, so that there was a 

 gradient of about 20 feet jDer mile. The highest distinct evidence of 

 glacier-work observed in the region is at 2,650 feet in a side valley, where 

 •a cirque lake is dammed by morainal blocks. 



The summits of most of the mountains are flat or rolling and are 

 covered with loose blocks that show no effects of ice-work. In places, 

 for instance, blocks of diabase rest upon a dike, while blocks of gneiss 

 lie undisturbed on both sides. 



For 200 miles south of Cape Chidley, the northeast jioiiit of Lal)rador, 

 tlie mountains seem to have formed an effectual barrier to the great ice- 

 sheet; but just north of Hebron, at the fiord called Iterungnek, it may 

 liave reached the sea. Some islands near the mouth of the fio]'(l are well 

 glaciated, though on Maidment Island, 10 miles out to sea, tliere are no 

 signs of ice-action, showing that land ice did not reach so far. 



Johannesberg, north of Hebron, rising to 2,300 feet, was a nunatak 

 elcAated several hundred feet above the ice-sheet, and its flat summit is 

 covered with loose stones weathered in situ. At Hebron itself beautifully 

 polished and striated surfaces from whicli boulcler-clay is now being 

 stripped give conclusive evidence of glacial work on a large scale. 



For 30 miles to the south the comparatively low country has been ice- 

 shaped ; but the Mugford Mountains rose above the ice, though trans- 

 ported blocks are found up to 2,000 feet. A gap of 35 miles separates 

 the Mugford nunataks from the next ones to the south, at the Kiglapait 

 and Aulatsivik Mountains, near N'ain. Proofs of glacier-work are found 

 on all the shore of Labrador to the south, though a few high summits 

 near Hamilton Inlet may have been nunataks. 



Newfoundland seems to have been covered with a local ice-cap, though 

 the island of Twillingate, to the north, shows no signs of land ice action. 

 However, blocks transported by floating ice may be found up to 270 feet 

 on the island. 



Ice Boundary in the Gulf Eegion 



The boundary of the ice to the south is somewhat uncertain. The low 

 island of Anticosti was apparently covered, and there is clear proof of 



