ICE BOUNDARY IN THE GULF REGION 323 



island), so that one would hardly expect a local ice center, relations being 

 much the same as in the Magdalen Islands. 



The evidence is conflicting as to whether Nova Scotia was covered by 

 the Labrador ice-sheet or not.* Kame deposits and boulder-clay occur 

 on the western side of the province, suggesting the margin of a great ice- 

 sheet, but in some places, as near Pictou, there are erratics which seem 

 to have been transported northward instead of southeast, as would be 

 expected, and Chalmers' conclusion that most of the glaciation of the 

 peninsula came from local centers may be correct. 



The Gaspe driftless Area 



While the margin of the Labrador ice-sheet crossed the floor of the 

 present Gulf of Saint Lawrence and swept southwestward over the lower 

 part of Nova Scotia, the highest part of the Province of Quebec, the 

 Gaspe Peninsula, was never covered by continental ice, but formed a local 

 center of glaciation. The backbone of the peninsula is formed by the 



Sf:^<2wv.^n<n- ^^i"^ 



ScjfJx^ ei 'fyij/u 



Figure 3. — Section across Gaspe in the Ice Aye 

 Average thickness of ice, 1,300 feet. 



Shickshock Mountains, rising from 2,000 to 4,300 feet above the sea, 

 and the higher parts of the range, above 3,000 feet, show no evidence of 

 glaciation, and may be described as a driftless area of a similar kind to 

 that of the Torngats, in northeastern Labrador, though on a smaller 

 scale. The flat or rolling tops of the range are formed of a sheet of 

 weathered blocks of local origin with no foreign boulders, while glacial 

 deposits, usually thin and sometimes lacking, spread outward from the 

 higher parts of the mountains to the sea on each side. The most elevated 

 proofs of ice-work on the north, or Saint Lawrence, side are found at 

 Lac aux Americains, at 2,300 feet, while there is evidence that ice from 

 the Shickshocks carried morainic material over the tops of mountains 

 2,000 feet high on the southern side. 



* Geol. Survey of Canada. Sum. Kept., Part F, 1918, pp. 20 and 24. 



