72 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



groups of comparatively large size are seen on the heads of the 

 second epibranchial as well as on those of the third and fourth. 

 The lower pharyngeal teeth show in a elongated narrow V-shape. 



ECHENEIDID^. 



Echeneis naucrates belongs to the family known as " Sucking- 

 fishes "or "Suckers"; they have a curious elongated disc on 

 the top of the head that enables them to attach themselves 

 to ships, other fish, and turtles ; and so they get carried along, 

 being themselves but feeble swimmers. The specimen examined* 

 had sixteen horny gill-rakers on the cerato hypo portion of the 

 first branchial arch, the last five being rudimentary. The other 

 gill-rakers are tubercular. The upper pharyngeal teeth are in 

 two groups on each side of villiform teeth ; the groups are large 

 for the size of the fish. The lower pharyngeal teeth are in two 

 triangular groups that meet closely in the middle line. There is 

 a small oval patch of teeth on the basibranchials opposite the 

 junctions of the first and second hypobranchials, and another 

 patch at the junctions of the second and third hypobranchials 

 (fig. II. 2.) 



NOTOTHENID^, 



Trematomus hansoni has fourteen soft gill-rakers on the outside 

 of the first cerato-hypobranchial with nine on the epibranchial. 

 The inside of the first, both sides of the second and third, and 

 the outside of the fourth have shorter soft gill-rakers fitting well 

 into each other and forming a close filter. The upper pharyn- 

 geal teeth show in three groups, the upper two crescentic, the 

 lower approximately circular in shape. The teeth in these are so 

 embedded in mucous membrane as not to show, but can be felt 

 by pressing a finger-tip on them ; they are cardiform. The lower 

 pharyngeal teeth are in a broad V, similarly embedded. The 

 stomach of the specimen examined was full of the remains of 

 some shrimp-like crustacean in comparatively large lumps ; 

 mastication had been but poorly performed. 



Bateachid^. 

 Batrachus surinamensis, the Pacuma of British Guiana, has 

 ten small flat tubercles for gill-rakers on the first cerato-hypo- 



