25 



Both are of similar construction : a short piece' of hard wood 

 of uniform thickness having a few rough transverse scratches 

 at one end to give a hand-grip. 



With the diama, in personal combat, is used the 

 "iweenu," or shield (fig. 3). This is a symmetrical and hand- 

 some weapon of a long oval shape, about 3 feet 6 inches in 

 length by 6 inches in greatest width. It is convex, front and 

 back, the latter being deeply incised to leave a handle, and is 

 uniformly coloured with red ochre. 



For nremaking two sticks known as "leeruk" are used 

 in the drill method. 



The "yungultya," or spear-thrower (fig. 4), is a well- 

 made implement of long form, with a notch on either side of 

 the wider end for finger-grip. 



The spear is of two kinds. The 'chowilia," or fish spear, 

 is simply a sharpened stick of about 12 feet in length, used 

 for fishing, or in a larger and heavier form for turtle and 

 dugong hunting. The point is only the sharpened end 

 without barb or addition of any kind. 



The "chenalli," or spear used for kangaroos and other 

 large game (fig. 5 and pi. iii., fig. b), is the finest weapon 

 the Wororra possess. It is made in three sections, the 

 "kayoolga," or reed tail half of the shaft ; the "wulooya," 

 or hardwood fore-end ; and the stone head. There is no one 

 name for spearhead, the designation depending on the kind 

 of stone from which the spearhead is made ; for example, 

 "gaymbum," quartzite ; ''wiumingaia," basalt; "unjallulu," 

 a translucent white stone; and "tambuna," ribbon-stone; 

 also a curious red stone known as "wianu," or fire. 



Method of Making Spearheads. 

 The Wororra man when travelling always keeps his eyes 

 open for conveniently-sized bits of stone, which he will take 

 and use in making spearheads at his leisure. A suitable piece 

 is held in one hand, and with a stone held in the other 

 hand it is roughly knocked into a shape approaching the 

 finished design. After this first stage three special implements 

 are used, a roughly-pointed stick known as "kurrinjulp," 

 then the ulna of a kangaroo, and finally a small bone of a 

 kangaroo. In the second and two succeeding stages of manu- 

 facture the spearhead is held obliquely and on edge upon a 

 piece of paper-bark placed on a large stone. With the 

 kurrinjulp flakes are now broken away from the edges of the 

 spearhead by pressure. As the spearhead begins to assume 

 the desired shape the "choormba, " or ulna of kangaroo, 

 replaces the kurrinjulp, until the stone is worked into the 

 final leaf shape, when the small kangaroo bone is used for 



