26 



shipping out the serrations along the edges of the spearhead, 

 completing its manufacture (fig. 6). 



During the process of flaking off the edges of the spear- 

 head the bone implements are frequently whetted to a point 

 upon the side of the anvil stone. The entire process of 

 making a spearhead takes about half an hour. Each spear- 

 head can only be thrown once, as the point is broken very 

 easily, consequently spearhead-making is the most constant 

 employment of the men. 



To fix the spearhead to the shaft a notch is cut in the 

 end of the wulooya, or fore piece of the shaft, by means of 

 a sharp stone (fig. 7). In this notch is inserted the butt of 

 the stone head, and immediately below the notch the wulooya 

 is bound with kangaroo sinew to prevent its splitting. The 

 spearhead is finally cemented to the shaft with what looks 

 like porcupine grass resin, though the men informed me that 

 it was obtained from some rocks. 



They do not appear to understand the process of obtain- 

 ing gum from porcupine grass, and perhaps find natural 

 exudations of the resin. 



Women's Implements. 



The women's implements are the "wondoon," or digging- 

 stick, merely a sharpened stick; the "worowa," or bark 

 bucket (fig. 8); and the "ungum," or bark dish (fig. 9). 



The worowa is made of two pieces of bark, a circular piece 

 for the bottom and a rectangular piece, which, bent into a 

 cylinder, forms the sides. The junctions are sewn with grass, 

 and the seams well caulked with gum. A handle composed of 

 several string strands is attached, and the bucket is used for 

 carrying water. 



The "ungum" (fig. 9) is a shallow, trough-like vessel, con- 

 structed from a rectangular sheet of bark. The two ends are 

 pinched up, bound with string, and caulked with resin, so 

 as to form a canoe-shaped dish. 



The worowa and ungum are made by women only. 



The "norgu," or grinding stone is a naturally formed 

 stone of about the size of a man's fist, used in pounding up 

 seeds for food. 



Stringmaking. 



String is made by the women only, and is of three kinds — 

 "irrkulya," or vegetable fibre string ; "choogoonya," or fur 

 string ; and "wonulla," or human hair string. 



"Irrkulya" is made from the inner bark of several species 

 of Eucalyptus, or from that of the baobab tree. The 

 bark is cut into lengths of about a foot, beaten soft with 



