24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Nov. 5, 



The Swallow-holes on Lindale Moor seem to be fissures in the 

 limestone, which probably comes nearer to the surface here. These 

 fissures continue open, it is believed, to a considerable depth. 



There are numerous springs above the locality of the Swallow- 

 holes; in dry weather some of them fail, and none remain but 

 those noted on the sheet ; but in January a field on the side of Carr 

 Kettle was crossed by a line of numerous small springs. These 

 unite, and join the larger streams, and the whole are then preci- 

 pitated down the large Swallow-hole, which may be called " Swal- 

 low-hole No. 1, Lindale Moor." Some years since, the earth around 

 this fell inwards, carrying with it parts of a hedge-row (which it 

 will be seen on the Ordnance-map is made to cross it), leaving a large, 

 deep depression, all the material disappearing through the chasm. 

 The chasm remained open after this for about a year, when it was 

 gradually choked up, so as to form a deep clear pool in the centre 

 of the depression. There is little doubt that this remarkable Swal- 

 low-hole has been receiving the united waters of the several springs 

 for more than a hundred years. 



About 220 yards to the north-west of this there is another 

 Swallow-hole, and, according to the miner, one equally old. This 

 also receives a small stream, which is never cut oif by dry seasons ; 

 and it is supposed the two engulfed streams unite, as a continuation 

 of this chasm, much enlarged, was met with a little further to the 

 east, proceeding, as it seemed, in the direction of Swallow-hole No. 1, 

 Lindale Moor. 



The other Swallow-holes in this vicinity are simply dry, funnel- 

 shaped depressions. 



Further west, in the " Cross-gates " Iron-mines, which are 

 situated on the banks of the PoakaBeck, " water-sinks " or fissures, 

 down which water rushes, are frequent. They are known also at 

 EUiscales, a place still further west, and again at Stainton, to the 

 south of Lindale. Much open ground, it is believed, of the fore- 

 going description also lies between Lindale and Ulverston. 



b. Pooka Beck. — I now come to a " Swallow-hole" which I deem 

 to have the most connexion with the deposit. This is situated in 

 the high end of Inman Gill, and until the year 1842 had been re- 

 ceiving, for an unknown period of time, the whole of the water of 

 the Poaka Beck*. In very wet seasons, or in thunder-storms, when 

 the chasm, large as it was, proved too small, the overflowing water 

 would pass down the Gill on the surface ; otherwise the Beck-course 

 from this spot was usually almost dry. There was said to be an 

 efflux of part of it about three-quarters of a mile further south, 

 which, recovering the course from the Gill, flowed onwards along 

 the south of Dalton. I believe, however, there is no question but 

 that much of it was lost ; and, as it was supposed to find its way 

 into the neighbouring mines, the course of the stream was altered a 

 little in the above year, with a view of keeping it on the surface. 

 I have lately visited this locality. The gulf, for such it appeared 



* Ithas been ascertained that the water entered the ground at this spot in the 

 year 180*2, sixty years ago. 



