116 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Dec. 17 



of the north side of this hill, viz. Graptolites Sagittarius and a branch- 

 ing Graptolite. Tracks likewise are seen on the surfaces of some of 

 the more flaggy strata. 



On their strike, the rocks of Keskadale and Aiken Knots extend 

 W.S.W. through Whiteless to the head of Crummock-water. At 

 Whiteless they have afforded Professor Sedgwick Graptolites latus 

 and Chondrites informis*. From their position, and the relation 

 which they have to the greenish-grey beds, the rocks of Keskadale 

 Knot and Aiken Knot are among the highest of the Skiddaw slate 

 series. 



Fig. 2. — Section from Newlands to Sunderland (11 miles). 



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Skiddaw Slates 



c. 



Syenite. 





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5. Green slates and porphyries. 

 d. Carboniferous Limestone. 



Northwards from the ridge just alluded to there occurs another, 

 of which Causey Pike forms the highest summit, and in which a 

 great development of slaty rocks is found. A short distance to 

 the north of Causey Pike, and forming the southern side of the 

 Coldale valley, is a lower ridge than that of which Causey Pike 

 forms a part. 



A portion of this ridge is known under the name of Outerside, and 

 in its northern and more precipitous slope, facing Coldale, there is a 

 considerable development of " Screes " under a rocky escarjiment. 

 The lower portion of this escarpment consists of cleaved rocks, the 

 dip of the cleavage being N.W. Above these cleaved rocks flaggy 

 strata are seen, dipping S.S.E. 30°. Among the " Screes " derived from 

 the flaggy rocks fossils occur, and this is one of the localities among 

 the Skiddaw slate series which, both in quantity and variety, is most 

 prolific in organic remains. These fossils consist of Crustaceans, 

 several forms of Graptolites, including the branching form which is 

 seen at Keskadale, tube-like bodies apparently allied to the modern 

 Tereoella, and tracks. 



East from this, at Hodgen-holm, near Portingscale, rocks of a flaggy 

 character also occur, which, besides dipping S.S.E. at a high angle 

 (60°), also contain evidences of animal life, usually in the form of 

 tracks. 



The Coldale valley, which lies N". of Outerside, affords no satis- 

 factory dips among the strata, the rocks being for the most part of a 

 slaty nature. North of this valley, inclinations are seen among the 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. iv. p. 223. 



