LTJDWIG BOHEMIAN COAL-BASINS. 



29 



From above the lower coal-bed (10 feet* thick), according to 

 Stur, were obtained : — 



Calamites communis, Ettingsh. 

 Annularia fertilis, Sternb. 

 Asterophyllites charseformis, Sternb, 



( = Calamites tenuifoli us, Ettingsh. ). 

 Schizopteris Ghitbierana, Presl. 

 Dictyopteris Brongniarti, Gutb. 



(=Neuropteris squarrosa, Ett.). 

 Asplenites Sternbergi, Ettingsh. 

 cristatus, Gutb. 



Cyatheites Miltoni, Goepp. 



arborescens, Goepp. 



Pecopteris Silesiaca, Goepp. 

 Lepidodendron Haidingeri, Ettingsh. 



plumarium, Lindl. 



Cardiocarpon emarginatum, Goepp. 

 Stigmaria ficoides, Brongn. 

 Cordaites borassifolia, Unger. 

 Flabellaria Sternbergi, Ettingsh. 

 Sigillaria mammillaris, Brongn. 



From above the upper coal-bed (20 feet* thick) Herr Stur ob- 

 tained : — 



Cyatheites oreopteroides, Goepp. 



Calamites communis, Ettingsh. 

 Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

 Alethopteris pteroides, Brongn. 

 Sphenopteris tenuissima, Sternb. 



Cyatheites orepteroides, Goepp, 



Miltoni, Goepp. 



Cordaites borassifolia, Unger. 



Herr Ludwig concludes with the following summary of results : — 



1. The Bohemian coal-beds have not been formed of drifted Wood 

 or floated Plants, but of Plants which grew in the localities where the 

 coal is now found, partly in high-level and partly in low-level bogs. 



2. The formation of coal was faster and more continuous in the 

 southern portion of the coal-field than in the northern, — probably 

 because the former afforded more favourable situations for the growth 

 of Sigillaria, Stigmaria, and Calamites, while the northern district 

 was a more suitable locality for the growth of Ferns. 



3. In all the basins the coal occurs in shallow unconnected troughs. 



4. The coal-formation consists of two divisions. The greater 

 number of troughs belong to the lower, which is also the richest in 

 coal. To the upper division belong the beds of Stradonitz and some 

 seams near Rakonitz. 



5. Above the Carboniferous formation are beds belonging to the 

 Rothliegende, and which contain coal in the Basin of Rakonitz. 

 In the Basin of Pilsen the red clay [Letten] and sandstone occurring 

 between Pilsen and Niirschan belong to this formation, as also in all 

 probability do the greater part of the sandstones and conglomerates 

 of the Basin of Buschtiehrad. 



6. Like the Rothliegende, the coal-beds of Bohemia are terrestrial 

 [Festland] and freshwater formations. 



7. The flora of the Bohemian coal-beds proves that they were 

 formed almost contemporaneously with those of the remaining 

 German coal-fields. The Bohemian beds have, it is true, only about 

 40 per cent, of Plants in common with other German coal-fields, the 

 remaining 60 per cent, being peculiar to them ; and it should also 

 be mentioned that, as Herr Stur observes, the occurrence of Knorria 

 imbricata, Sternb., and Sagenaria Veltheimiana, Sternb., renders it 

 probable that the formation of the coal-beds in Bohemia began 

 earlier, and, as it extended into the Rothliegende, ended later than 

 in most other German coal-fields. [H. M. J.] 



* German feet. 



