l8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



scarps and benches shown in plate 3 on the west side of the Black 

 valley. These features may be certainly attributed in part to the 

 millions of years of weathering and stream work before there was 

 any ice invasion. But the peculiar shaping was done in part by 

 the eroding action of the ice sheets, and specially by the forced 

 glacial drainage of ice sheets previous to the Wisconsin. 



A good example of these anomalous features is the Rutland 

 hollow and hill east of Watertown. Here is a capacious valley be- 

 hind an isolated rock mass, both having northeast by southwest 

 direction, transverse to the general land slope and normal drainage 

 but consonant with the ice blockade and ice-border drainage. It 

 seems quite certain that any earlier ice invasion must have produced, 

 both in advance and retreat, lakes and drainage somewhat similar 

 to those here described. The accumulating evidence of more than 

 one glacial epoch in New York adds force to the thought that some 

 of the peculiar relief features of the region have been produced by 

 multiplicity of glaciation and glacial drainage. The lowland of St 

 Lawrence valley and east of Lake Ontario exhibits many anomalous 

 features which harmonize with this view. 



