I04 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



ing to the rock barrier over which the main stream flowed at Glen- 

 ham, are preserved near Johnsville. 



Kame deposits. These are prominently developed in places 

 along the northern margin of the Fishkill mountains. A con- 

 spicuous group occurs along the Cold Spring road south of Fish- 

 kill Village, near the quadrangle boundary. 



Kame moraine deposits are prominently developed south of 

 Johnsville along the eastern base of Mount Honness, and still farther 

 south along the western read from West Fishkill Hook into the 

 mountains. 



The brook flowing north from the mountains, through the hollow 

 of East Fishkill Hook, cuts through similar masses. 



Kames are noticeable features along the road from East Fish- 

 kill Hook to Shenandoah. Northeast and east of that hamlet they 

 are pronounced topographic forms guarding the approach to 

 Shenandoah hollow (see plate 21). 



Kames also occur along Casper creek between the Hudson river 

 and the Poughkeepsie road (see plate 22), and near Camelot. 



POSTGLACIAL EROSION 



After the retreat of the glacier either the land, which probably 

 was at a higher level than now, remained stationary, while the 

 water level in the gorge subsided, or it was elevated. The tribu- 

 tary streams, now greatly reduced in volume, meandered over their 

 old floor plains and began the vertical and lateral dissection re- 

 corded in part by the terraces described or alluded to above. Wap- 

 pinger creek, in seeking an outlet to the Hudson, was confined 

 near its mouth between narrower rock walls and began the bisec- 

 tion of its old delta of the flood period. It readily found its old 

 preglacial channel, which it tumbles into at Wappinger Falls. 

 The precipice at this place forms a local base-level to which the 

 stream is slowly reducing its bed at various places along its course 

 at the north. 



Fishkill creek is off its old preglacial channel for some distance 

 in Glenham, and between that hamlet and Matteawan. When the 

 stream was superposed on its former flood plain it was obliged to 

 make a wide detour at Glenham round the huge drumlin on which 

 the cemetery of Matteawan stands. It eventually found bed rock 

 and finally the contact between the limestone and the gneiss of the 

 Glenham belt, and has made the gorge shown in plate 23. At 

 the northeast end of the carpet mill the creek crosses a fault between 



