10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 28, 



plain of Pamphylia is composed of travertine, resting probably on 

 marine tertiaries, and forming cliffs from twenty to eighty feet high. 

 Igneous rocks are not unfrequent, and their presence is evidently 

 connected with the disturbances of the mountain masses. Around 

 the Gulf of Macri hills of schistose serpentine occur, rising up amidst 

 the scaglia, and probably of older date. This rock extends far into 

 Caria. A serpentine, apparently newer and disturbing the scaglia, 

 is seen among the mountain passes on the confines of Phrygia and 

 near Cibyra. A serpentine, apparently of the same age with the last, 

 appears near Olympus, and bears up masses of the scaglia. At the 

 junction of the two rocks is the Yanar, a stream of inflammable 

 gas, famous as the Chimsera of the ancients, and first discovered in 

 modern times by Captain Beaufort. Greenstones, porphyries and 

 amygdaloids are seen in many localities around Mount Solyma, some 

 of them more recent than the newest serpentines, of which they 

 contain included fragments. 



The authors draw the following conclusions from their examina- 

 tion of the geology of Lycia : — 



The first epoch indicated is that of the formation of the scaglia, 

 which w^as probably deposited as very fine sediment in a deep sea. 

 This we infer from the mineral character of the rock, its uniformity, 

 the extreme scarcity of fossils in it, and when organic remains are 

 present from those being mostly foraminifera, such as the Nummu- 

 lites, especially such species as from their thin, flat, wafer-like forms 

 and large size were not adapted for shallow water. The scaglia is 

 usually referred to the cretaceous aera ; but, judging from the singular 

 assemblages of fossils found in some parts of it, as at Mount Leba- 

 non, and from its great thickness, extent and uniformity of mineral 

 character, it is not improbable that it was a formation, the deposi- 

 tion of which went on without interruption in the depths of a great 

 ocean during the whole of the secondary epoch. 



The history of the sandy beds which rest upon the scaglia is more 

 difficult to understand, unless we suppose a considerable and sudden 

 change of level of the sea-bed previous to their deposition, and be- 

 fore the conversion of the cretaceous sea into land, which we must 

 suppose to have happened before its depression to form the bed of 

 the miocene sea in which the marine tertiaries of Lycia were de- 

 posited. At this time we have certain evidence that the higher 

 })eaks and ranges of the Lycian Taurus and Massicytus were above 

 water. The elevation of the miocene marks the epoch of greatest 

 disturbance. From 2000 to 6000 feet of the Massicytus were raised 

 above water, and the forms of the mountain summits must have 

 undergone material change. The next great event was the formation 

 of the great lakes, in which freshwater tertiaries were deposited. 

 The draining of these lakes, the thickness of the deposits formed in 

 which indicates the long and tranquil period of their existence, was 

 effected without any great disturbance of their beds, though con- 

 siderable barriers must have been destroyed. 



Since then movements of elevation and depression have been 

 going on, even during the historical period, as is proved by examina- 



