108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Jan. 7, 



/3. Calcareous slate and limestone. 

 a. Lower Ireleth slates. 

 These are followed by No. 3, the Coniston grits, No. % the Co- 

 niston flagstone, and No. 1, the Coniston limestone, &c. 



The scheme here given agrees with the annexed ideal vertical sec- 

 tion of the whole Cumbrian series, inferior to the old red sandstone. 

 jY r? Great scar limestone. 



■{I 



Old red sandstone. 



Red flagstone. 

 5. Upper slate of Kendal. <^ h. Coarse flagstone. 



mA 



Finer flagstone. 



Coarse slates, flags and grits, &c. 



4 Ireleth slates \ >'' ^PP^"" ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^- 



Calcareous slate and limestone. 



I- 



Lower Ireleth slates. 



3. Coniston grit. 

 2. Coniston flags. 

 1, Coniston limestone. 

 II. Green slate and porphyrj'. 

 I. Skiddaw slate, the lower part metaraorphic. 

 Granite. 



Note. — The letters and figures of reference in this table apply to the diflferent 

 sections accompanying the present paper. 



In the following communication it is ray object, first, to explain 

 the scheme above given by an appeal to actual sections and lists of 

 fossils ; and secondly, by help of this scheme to explain the physical 

 structure and geological relations of a remarkable tract of country, 

 including Howgill Fells, the Fells near the foot of the valley of Dent, 

 and Middleton Fells, which range to the neighbourhood of Kirkby 

 Lonsdale. The latter portion of my task is by far the most import- 

 ant, as it relates to a country with the structure of which I was 

 almost entirely unacquainted before last summer, and which had 

 never before been examined in any detail. 



§ 2. Successive groups. — The fossiliferous series. — Evidence offered 

 by detailed sections, &c. 



1. Coniston limestone and calcareous slate, Sfc. — The general re- 

 lations, structure and fossils of this group have already been given in 

 some detail ; and I should not here attempt to add anything on this 

 head to the published abstract, had I not, during the last summer, 

 visited the north-eastern extremity of the formation near Shap Wells, 

 and the other extremity at the south-western end of Cumberland. 

 At both localities there are phaenomena which deserve a passing no- 

 tice. Near Shap Wells the Coniston limestone is in an indurated, 

 concretionary and altered form, and is repeated twice over in the 

 brook which runs past the wells ; while an overlying mass of old 

 red sandstone and a mass of felspar rock occupy the interval (about 

 two or three hundred yards) between the two masses of limestone. 



