MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 9.I 



follows a 2^shaiped Une on the map. The amount of graphite in 

 the ore averages about 6| per cent. 



References 



Ailing, Harold L. The Adirondack Graphite Deposits, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 

 199, 1918 



Bastin, E. S. Chapter on Graphite in Mineral Resources, U. S. Geol. Surv. 

 1908, V. 2 



Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York, 1842 



Emmons, Ebeneier. Geology of New York. Report on the 2d Dist., 1842 



Kemp, J. F..& Newland, D. H. Preliminary Report on the Geology of Washing- 

 ton, Warren and Parts of Essex and Hamilton Counties. N. Y. State Mus, 

 Rep't 51, V. 2, 1899 



GYPSUM 



This industry has grown rapidly in recent years. For a long time 

 gypstim was produced only for agricultural purposes, the rock 

 being ground to a powder and sold under the name of land plaster 

 as a soil amendment. The usual output of the local quarries and 

 mills engaged in the business was around 30,000 tons a year, but 

 showed little tendency toward expansion. In fact with the increased 

 use of ground limestone and lime in agriculture, which has been 

 promoted recently by a general propaganda of government and 

 local agricultural organizations, the consumption of ground gypsum 

 has fallen off in competition with the cheaper material, although 

 it is not certain that the limestone fulfills entirely the ftmction of 

 gypsum as a beneficial agent. 



The growth of the industry has come about through the introduc- 

 tion of calcined plaster manufactiure in the local field, supplemented 

 by the large demand for raw gypstim that has developed out of the 

 Portland cement business which has shown a remarkable gain in 

 the last few years. 



The first attempts to make commercial use of the local deposits 

 are reported as having been undertaken in the period from 18 10 

 to 1820 when small quarry operations were carried on in the town 

 of Sullivan, Madison county, and in the town of Camillus, Onondaga 

 county. This product was employed locally for agricultural purposes. 

 With the building of the Erie canal a wider market was opened for 

 the material and quarries were soon established at other localities, 

 within the central and western parts of the Salina belt which contains 

 the workable beds. Union Springs, Seneca Falls, Phelps, LeRoy 

 and Wheatland are some of the places that were early identified 

 with the industry. 



In 1843, according to the geologists of the first survey, the output 



