122 New YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Co. The present period of activity dates from 1906. The output 

 is carried by a tramway and aerial conveyer 5 miles to Fort Mont- 

 gomery on the Hudson river where .there are facilities for shipment 

 by rail and boats. No records exist of the production for the earlier 

 years, but the entire output can hardly be less than 2,000,000 tons. 



Canada mines Group. A persistent belt of magnetite is found 

 in Putnam county, 6 miles east of Cold Springs along Canopus 

 creek, south of the Carmel road. The northern section, of about 

 a mile length, is known as the Canada mines which consist of 

 prospects and shallow pits on the outcrop of a seam that strikes 

 N. 40° E. and dips steeply to the southeast. The deposit, where 

 exposed, shows 3 to 15 feet of magnetite in a single seam. The 

 middle portion is mostly solid ore, but toward the walls the magnetite 

 is in narrow ribbons or strips alternating with gneiss, the layers of 

 rock increasing in thickness outward. There is much pegmatite in 

 the vicinity and it may constitute one or both walls for some dis- 

 tance, but normally the magnetite is in direct contact with the 

 gneiss. The latter is a grayish hornblende-bio tite variety which 

 develops locally into amphibolite and along the ore belt shows 

 alteration to epidote. There are small offsets to the seam from 

 transverse faults, nowhere more than 50 feet measured on the surface. 

 The body displays remarkable continuity and regularity in outcrop 

 in view of its moderate thickness; that it should persist in depth 

 seems a reasonable assumption, although this feature has not been 

 tested by actual exploration, the old workings being shallow and 

 little more than prospects. Concentration would be necessary to 

 present day exploitation. The mines were a part of the properties 

 in the vicinity owned by the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and 

 Iron Co. who ceased operations here about 1886. The only outlet 

 for the ore was by wagon road to Cold Spring. 



To the southwest the ore belt is continued, after an interval of a 

 mile or more in which no openings appear, by the Sunk mines which 

 stretch along a similar ore band for several thousand feet. The 

 outcrop is on the side of the ridge south of the Carmel road facing 

 Canopus creek. The mining development consists of a series of 

 cross adits driven at intervals from the base of the ridge to the 

 ore. At No. i on the southern end a shaft was also used in gaining 

 access to the ore below the level of the adit. A considerable tonnage 

 was mined here, as the workings extend for nearly 1000 feet on the 

 strike and to 300 feet depth. The middle portion of about 10 feet 

 was taken out, apparently the richer material, leaving perhaps an 

 equal width of lean magnetite suitable for concentration. It is 

 reported that the mined ore averaged around 54 per cent iron with 



