2'^P NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



sfcratified^ tlireugh'; stream action. The latter provide building- sands 

 that have. been, used; in the towns of the middle Hudson valley. 

 In mos-t basaks: the sands have a composite character, adnriixtures, 

 of quartz; feldspar; shale etc., such as are found in glacial detritus. 

 They d©- not rank generally as high-grade material for engineering 

 work, but by washing and sizing they may be made- serviceable for 

 most purposes. Extensive banks are found at Marlboro, Kingston, 

 Albany, Rensselaer; Troy and Mechanic\dlle.- Washers are installed, 

 at the larger- plants, and both' sand and gravel are obtained. The 

 Albany-Rensselaer banks are part of a morainal accumulation that 

 stretches across the' vailey, consisting of gravelly till and imperfectly 

 sorted sands-, bowlders and gravel. Almost every kind of rock 

 material common to the region north as- far as the central Adirondaeks 

 occurs in- the banks. 



In the interior- of the State building sands are found under widely 

 varying conditions. At' S5nracuse the supplies are mainly derived 

 from a series- of- terraced beds that extend along the range of hills 

 south of the city and are connected vvith the highrwater stages of 

 he Ontario' basin in late Pleistocene. A deep valley lies under the 

 city which' has: been filled by gravels and sands that are also a source, 

 of supply. 



The Rochester banks are mainly in the Pinnacle hills which lie 

 to the- south and southeast of the city and are probably kames. 

 Sonie-sand< is obtained from Scottsville where are old delta deposits 

 which afford gi-aded materials. 



Buffalo is supplied from the Lake Erie beaches and from scattered 

 banks- in; the environs opened in glacial beds. The largest source 

 is Pbint Abino on the Canadian shore of Lake Erie. At Gowanda 

 in the southern part of Erie county are delta deposits which afford 

 a;good mortar-sand. 



In the Black River valley there are terraced delta beds that are 

 extensively worked at Boonville and Forestport and that supply 

 mortar and concrete sands of excellent quality. Utica obtains its 

 building sand m^ainly from this source. Similar terraced beds which 

 were deposited in former lakes are found in many parts of the 

 Adirondaeks. 



Some of the best- sands in the State are procured from the shores 

 of Oneida lake and from the terraced plains which lie- to the west 

 of Rome which- are related to th@' old Lake Iroquois outlet into 

 the Moha,wk-. They represent glacially accumulated sands which 

 have been': thoroughly washed and sorted, and are the cleanest 

 quartz sands to be found anywhere in the interior of the State. 



