1855.] POOLE — COAL OF ASIA MINOR. 3 



shells ; at Sivri Tepe the sandstone dipped 20° S. 80° W. ; and a 

 little further on thin seams of lignite occurred, dipping 42° S. 75° W. 

 Between Yallova and Ghiuz the earth was much cracked by the late 

 earthquakes ; and in some places large pieces had sunk 20 to 40 feet 

 perpendicularly down. Near Kourikoi is another seam of lignite 

 (referred to above, p. 2). 



I then rode inland to visit the Sultan's Baths at the back of Suli- 

 manli. The first hills were of white limestone ; and in the valley 

 was white marl, with thin seams of lignite. After an hour's ride we 

 crossed a vein of greenstone, 4 feet wide, dipping 62° to 68° S., and 

 striking E. and W. The next hill was of coarse conglomerate, dip 

 21° S. 45° E. ; the ground then became much disturbed, and at the 

 baths the limestone is nearly vertical ; strike N. and S. The tem- 

 perature of the spring was 148° Fahrenheit. On the south side of 

 the Baths the rock was clay-ironstone, dipping E., nearly vertical. 



North of the village Tchoukurkoi (where Arli Eifendi's coal is) 

 we found the soil to be red and white marls ; and we followed the 

 river until we reached the shore of the Sea of Marmora, along which 

 we rode until we got to Dil Point, from thence we crossed by a ferry 

 to the northern shore. Here blue limestone, dipping N. 58°, came 

 down to the water's edge : thence to Tauschandjik, the rocks were 

 white sandstone and coarse conglomerate. About one mile from 

 Iskeli are large caverns in the limestone, which dips about S.E. ; 

 this was succeeded by coarse conglomerate ; the rocks then receded 

 from the shore, and from the pieces on the road and in the brooks 

 appeared to be red sandstone. 



The cliffs at the Lake Sabandji are very high, and composed of 

 rounded stones and sand, evidently an ancient beach. The tradition 

 is that the lake was formed at the same time that Nicomedia was 

 destroyed by earthquake : there is no outlet from the lake, though 

 several streams run into it. 



From Lake Sabandji we went through Ada Basar, crossing the 

 Sangarius three times, to the shore of the Black Sea. White 

 limestone prevailed until we got to Ak-caia (about one hour east of 

 Atsche shehr) ; this Point is some hundred feet high, of fine sandstone, 

 nearly perpendicular, full of large concretions ; a great many also 

 lie on the shore with the waves breaking over them. 



The rocks were principally limestone until we reached Heraclea, 

 which is built on a coarse sandstone. The road is so bad and tedious 

 from Heraclea to Kosloo that we went in a boat. Mr. Barclay has 

 promised to make you during the winter a plan of the Coal-district ; 

 which is not continuous, but in patches along the coast for several miles, 

 and averaging about one and a half mile in breadth ; therefore I shall 

 not attempt to describe it at the present time. There are ten known 

 seams at Kosloo ; and four are seen in one hill-side at Zungeldek. 



I found Stiffmaria, Calamites, and Sigillaria in the floor of the 

 coal, but they are scarce ; some Ferns were found in one of the 

 seams formerly worked at Kosloo, but I could not meet with any. 



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