1855.] BANKS — TILESTONES OF KINGTON. 95 



The next bed, which is probably identical with the Downton sand- 

 stone, consists of a yellowish-white close-grained sandstone, on the 

 east side of the quarry passing gradually into a blue and still harder 

 stone, which contains occasional traces of PterygotuSt but more fre- 

 quently Lingula cornea. The yellow portion of this bed contains 

 throughout Pterygotus and Fish (Pteraspis) with an occasional 

 Trochus helicites ; but the remains are not so abundant as in the grey 

 layers and underlying bed. This bed is from 3 to 4 feet thick. 



This is followed by a grey layer, similar in composition and con- 

 tents to the grey layer before noticed. The next, or bottom bed of 

 the quarry is a yellow sandstone of still better quality, capable of 

 being dressed to a very fine surface, and much used in building. It 

 is about 4 feet in thickness. The lowest portion of it consists in 

 many parts of the quarry of large flagstones, from a foot to eighteen 

 inches thick, used for gravestones ; these lie on the Ludlow rock, 

 here a very hard unmanageable stone, termed by the quarrymen 

 " greenstone." The Pterygotus and Fish-remains occur down to the 

 very bottom ; where first appear in considerable abundance the spines 

 of Leptocheles * : Trochus helicites, much depressed, and the small 

 Lingula before noticed, also occur in these lowest portions of the bed. 



Before noticing the remains obtained from this quarry, other 

 quarries in the neighbourhood will be referred to in order to show 

 that the same remains occur there in a similar position and under 

 like circumstances. 



About a quarter of a mile lower down Bradnor Hill, at Ivy Chim- 

 ney, is another sandstone quarry. Among the refuse stones of former 

 workings the Fish-heads f {Pteraspis, Kner; Cephalaspis, Agassiz) 

 occur. The recent workings exhibit micaceous unfossiliferous sand- 

 stone, and do not reach the Downton beds. The micaceous beds afford 

 a confirmation of the course of the line of drift, noticed in the " Silu- 

 rian System,'' p. 5 1 2. A large boulder about a yard in diameter, com- 

 posed of red and white quartz-pebbles J, imbedded in a hard cement, 

 has been excavated and lies in the quarry. Water-worn pebbles, at first 

 sight like granite, of the syenite of Stanner Bocks, are abundant, and 

 limestones, the surfaces of which retain traces of Corals and yet are so 

 calcined as to crumble in the hand, exhibiting when broken the un- 

 altered crystalline limestone of Old Badnor, are also imbedded. All 

 these foreign materials were probably drifted here with the deposits 

 which now form the sandstone beds. A little lower down the hill is 

 another quarry, lying near the Iron-foundry ; the bottom beds of 

 yellow stone are exposed. Traces of the gr^ layer between the beds 

 exist. In the few stones recently raised I found traces of Pterygotus, 

 one-half of the head of a Pteraspis, and a Lingula cornea. Here the 



* Imperfect casts of a small bivalved Crustacean also occur here, which Mr. 

 Rupert Jones has recognized as a Leperditia and referred with doubt to L. 

 marginata, Keyserl. sp. See Ann. N. Hist, for Feb. 1856, p. 95. 



t The remains of Fish here referred to are those figured in PI. XL figs. 1-3. 

 See the appended descriptions of two species, Pteraspis truncatus and P. 

 Banksii, p. 100. 



X See the notice of this rock, " Silurian System," p. 314. 



H 2 



