218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Feb. 20, 



racteristic and well-preserved to determine their relations to the like 

 evidences of extinct Rhinoceroses previously discovered in England. 

 The most characteristic examples of these teeth from the Ked Crag 

 are figured for the present communication*, and, having previously 

 studied and endeavoured to demonstrate the differences between the 

 upper molars of the Rhinoceros tichorhinus and those of the Rhi- 

 noceros leptorhinus in my * British Fossil Mammalia,' figs. 122, 125, 

 and 126 {Rh. tichorhinus), fig. 141 {Rh. leptorhinus), I have been, 

 in some degree, prepared to deduce satisfactory evidence of the 

 nature of the molars of the Rhinoceros from the Red Crag. 



Baron Cuvierf, Prof. Kaup;};, Dr. Buckland, and Prof. Jaeger § 

 have given the laudable example of figuring such fossil teeth of the 

 natural size : all who are reduced, as in the present case, to mere 

 teeth for the determination of species must regret that the authors 

 of the excellent ' Zoologie et Paleontologie Fran9aises|l,' and of the 

 * Nouvelles Etudes sur les Rhinoceros Fossiles^' should not have 

 followed that example : for, reduced figures of objects rarely exceed- 

 ing two or three inches in natural size cannot afford satisfactory 

 means of comparison, and the loss to science is greater than such 

 sa\'ing of expense or space can compensate for. 



In the upper molar (fig. 1, probably the third of the right side) 

 from a * Red Crag ' or ' Coprolite ' pit, at Wolverston, Suffolk, the 

 contour of the outer side of the tooth, d, c?', c?", more resembles that of 

 the older pliocene and miocene Rhinoceroses {Rh.megarhinus, Christol, 

 Rh. Schleiermacheri^ Kaup), than that of the pleistocene Wl. ticho- 

 rhinus or Rh. leptorhinus ; the vertical ridge d' is relatively more 

 produced and is nearer the antero- external angle of the crown, d, than 

 in the Rh. tichorhinus, in which the outer border of the crown is 

 more undulated. From the ridge d', the outer border of the crag- 

 tooth has extended to the hinder angle of the tooth, c?", in a nearly 

 straight line ; a part of the enamel near that angle has been, 

 unluckily, broken away, but the body of dentine seems there to be 

 entire, whence one may refer the resemblance of the contour of that 

 border to that of the fourth and fifth upper molars of the Rhinoceros 

 meyarhinus, figured (half nat. size) by M. Christol, in the * Annales 

 des Sciences Naturelles,' tom. iv. 2nd ser. pi. 2. figs. 3% 4^ 5^. 



In that species of Rhinoceros the second, third, and fourth molars 

 (premolars) are distinguished from the three following molars (true 

 molars) by a basal ridge extending along the inner side of the tooth, 

 and continued along a part of both the anterior and posterior sides of 

 the tooth. The present crag-fossil shows the same basal ridge, f,f, 

 commencing at the inner half of the anterior side of the crown, 

 sweeping across the whole inner side, and gradually ascending to 



* The woodcuts illustrative of the Teeth, Bones, and Antlers described in this 

 communication will be found at pages 231-236. 

 t Ossemens Fossiles, torn. ii. pis. 6, 13, 1822. 

 X Ossemens Fossiles de Darmstadt, 4to et fol. 1833. 

 § Fossilen Saugethiere Wurtembergs, fol. 1839. 

 II Gervais, 4to, 1852-54. 

 \ Duvernoy, in the * Archives du Museum d'Histoire Nat.,' tom. vii. 



