1856.] MOORE SILURIAN ROCKS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE. 359 



The best seemed of a very good quality, and considerable care was 

 taken in its packing. 



Those who open pits have to pay a certain rate to Government. 



The nearest place of any importance to these pits is the city of 

 E-u, a place without walls, though a third-class city, in the prefecture 

 of King-hua, from which it is distant by water 120 leagues, or forty 

 English miles. After even moderate rains, there would be plenty of 

 water for boats of a large size ; we were there after a long season 

 of drought, when probably no boat could have borne a freight of more 

 than 1000 catties, or somewhat more than an English ton. From 

 King-hua water-carriage is direct by Lau-ke, Yeu-chow, and Foo- 

 gang to Hangehow, about two days' journey. [King-hua is situated 

 in lat. 29° 15' N., long. 119° 46' E.] 



Ningpo,14 Jan. 1856. 



May 28, 1856. 



The following communications were read : — 



1. On the Silurian Rocks of Wigtownshire. 

 By J. C. Moore, Esq., F.G.S. 



The objects of the following communication are — 1st, to point out a 

 remarkable arrangement in the rocks which form the Peninsula 

 between the Mull of Galloway and Corswall Point* ; and 



2ndly, To show the relative positions of the Graptolitic Schists 

 of Wigtownshire to the coarse Conglomerate and Limestones of 

 Ayrshire. 



I. In a paper which I had the honour to read before the Society 

 in 1849, the principal object of which was to give an account of the 

 Limestones on the Stinchar and their fossils, I stated that the rocks 

 from the Corswall Lighthouse for a great distance to the south have 

 in the main a southerly dip ; but that, after passing to the south of 

 Port Patrick, the dip is found to be reversed, that is, to the north. 

 Visits since made at different periods to these coasts have enabled me 

 to add to my acquaintance with the arrangement of these rocks, and 

 I find them to obey a certain law. From the Corswall Point, which 

 consists of a coarse conglomerate of blocks of granite, &c., to within 

 six or eight miles of the Mull of Galloway the rocks are bent into a 

 series of anticlinal and synclinal folds, which are thrown over to the 

 N., the axes of the curves dipping south. The shorter side is often 

 quite vertical, while the longer is inclined at varying angles, often not 

 more than 30°, and in some cases less. The crown of the arch may 

 sometimes be found still subsisting, but in many more cases it has 

 disappeared from denuding causes ; still its former existence can be 

 inferred thus: — for some hundred yards the rock will consist of 

 vertical beds, which as we proceed to the south gradually begin to 



* For sketeh-map and sections of this district see also Quart. Joum. Geol. 

 Soc. vol. V. p. 12, &c. 



