362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 28, 



have a southerly dip ; advancing further in the same direction, they 

 fall to a lower and lower angle, until they reach their minimum eleva- 

 tion ; the next rock we come to is suddenly vertical, and so continues 

 for a space, when it again gradually subsides to a low angle which 

 again is succeeded by vertical beds. This arrangement prevails for at 

 least twenty-five miles, during all which distance, although northerly 

 dips do occur (and in one instance for near 200 yards), yet they are 

 quite insignificant in comparison with those to the south, and are 

 never at such low angles. See fig. 1. 



Without fatiguing the Society with too many details, I will state 

 briefly that good examples of this structure may be seen along the 

 coast from Airies to Cairnbrock, and thence to Galdenoch. Between 

 the two last-mentioned places occur some very fine instances of flags 

 bent so sharply that the two planes are almost parallel, while no 

 fracture is to be perceived at the angle, and both limbs of the syn- 

 clinal dip southward. From Galdenoch by Larbrax to the Knock, 

 the rocks have always a southerly dip, when not vertical, and the 

 synclinals are sometimes seen with both legs dipping south. North 

 of Killantringan Bay the rocks dip north for about 200 yards, being 

 almost a solitary exception. They then recover their southern dip, 

 and continue so until near the Dunskey Glen, where they are verti- 

 cal. We then pass another anticlinal, and, approaching Port Patrick, 

 the rocks fall down to a low angle, dipping south. Immediately 

 south of Port Patrick, the rock is again vertical, and the beds from 

 which Port Patrick Harbour was built are then seen to form a magni- 

 ficent arch, of which the northern limb is vertical, and the southern 

 gradually dips away to the south, and so sometimes past the old 

 castle of Dunskey to the Morroch Bay, where again the rocks are 

 vertical. From thence by Cairngarrock to Port Float, great masses 

 of intrusive plutonic rock interfere, but a prevalence of south dip 

 may still be traced among the stratified rocks. Further south in the 

 parish of Kirkmaiden the same arrangement subsists, but with an 

 opposite direction, the axes of the folds always dipping north. About 

 a mile to the north of the Grennan, where slate is quarried, the 

 rocks begin to dip pretty persistently to the north ; and from thence 

 to the Mull of Galloway, the rocks are either inclined to the north 

 or vertical. 



I do not pretend to have entered in my note-book all the folds 

 of the rocks for a distance of thirty miles : to get the materials for 

 such a section would require an amount of labour which I have not 

 had opportunities of bestowing upon it. Sometimes the flexures are 

 very numerous, for in parts which I have studied in detail, as for 

 instance from the granite of Dunman to the Mull of Galloway, as 

 many as fifteen occur in five miles. Still there is no part of this coast 

 which I have not visited, and I feel satisfied that this view of the 

 structure is rigidly true. The section (fig. 2) from the Grennan to 

 the Mull of Galloway, a distance of six miles, is pretty accurate, no 

 fold of importance being omitted ; it will there be seen that the rock 

 dips constantly north, or is vertical, with two trifling exceptions, 

 where the rock dips south at an angle of about 80° ; but these form 



