MUNICHDORFER AND LIPOLD — IRON ORES OF CARINTHIA. 3 



to each other; striking S.E. and N.W., and dipping conformably 

 with the stratification of the surrounding crystalline slates. The 

 thickness of these calcareous strata is from 360 to 2400 feet; and 

 they are separated from each other by masses of slates 600 to 2400 

 feet in thickness. 



The iron-ores are chiefly met with as lenticular masses, forming 

 regular beds in the lowest calcareous stratum (nearly 2400 feet thick), 

 belonging to the mica-schist. The ferriferous beds of the principal 

 ore mountain are distinct from those of the other mountain; the 

 former are again subdivided, on account of their occurring either in 

 the Hiittenberg or in the Lolling district. There are altogether 

 twenty-four of the ore-bearing deposits at present opened at twelve 

 distinct levels, the maximum vertical distance of which is 600 feet. 

 These deposits have generally a lenticular shape, and are dispersed 

 through the whole of the respective limestone beds, without any 

 visible mutual connexion. They disappear gradually, or lose their 

 integrity, or even pass insensibly into sterile carbonate of lime (pure 

 or magnesian [Rohwand]), both in their length and their depth. 

 They are sometimes also cut off by strata of the including crystalline 

 slates. 



The average longitudinal extent of these ferruginous deposits is 

 from 600 to 1200 feet ; their thickness is from 24 to 30 feet. In 

 one instance the length is as much as 2040 feet; while in other 

 places it diminishes to from 120 to 180 feet, the thickness then 

 amounting only to 3 or 4 feet. 



The continuity of the deposits of ore is occasionally interrupted by 

 sterile masses of crystalhne limestone or of mica-schist; and derange- 

 ments and irregularities of direction and thickness are not uncommon. 

 They generally extend S.E. and N.W., and dip to the S.W. at an 

 angle of 45° to 50° ; in each respect conformably with the including 

 Hmestone. 



Sulphate of barytes is a constant attendant to these iron-ores, 

 either in the shape of masses or layers, or intimately mixed with the 

 ore. Sometimes also it occurs in beds 2 or 3 feet thick. The purest 

 ores occur associated with this mineral, which is worked for the use 

 of the white-lead manufactories. 



The iron-ores are smelted in the blast-furnaces of Lolling, Heft, 

 Mosinz, Eberstein, and Treibach, and are either carbonate of iron 

 ("white ores"), or fibrous and compact hydroxides of iron (" brown 

 ores'*), or oxide of iron ("blue ores"), or decomposed ochrey 

 hydroxide of iron ("Motte"), or, lastly, very poor carbonate of iron 

 (" Rohwand "). Generally the blue ores predominate in the highest 

 levels ; brown ores in the middle ; and the white ores in the deepest. 

 Spheroidal masses of fibrous or compact hydroxide of iron, either 

 having a central cavity, or enclosing a nucleus of carbonate of iron, 

 frequently occur on the level of the Lolling chief-gallery, and seem 

 to owe their origin to a process of decomposition from without 

 inwards. 



Other minerals occurring in these iron-deposits are skorodite (arse- 

 niated iron), calcareous spar, stalactitic arragonite (Jlos ferri), man- 



