12 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 



and, as Prof. Rammelsberg found in lepidolite 1*3 per cent, of lithia, 

 the loss in operating on a large scale may be considered as trifling. 

 The expenses of this new method exceed scarcely the cost of the fuel 

 consumed. 



Hitherto lithia has had no technical use except in iire-works, being 

 mixed with combustible matter to communicate to the flame a beau- 

 tiful carmine tint. But even for this purpose it could be but of rare 

 use, as half an ounce cost from 8 to 10 florins (=1G shill. to £\ 

 sterling). [Count M.] 



On the Fossil Fish q/ Austria. By M. Heckel. 



[Proceedings Imp. Acad. Sciences, November 16, 1855.] 



In continuation of his ' Contributions to the knowledge of the Fossil 

 Ichthyology of Austria,' M. Heckel communicated a memoir contain- 

 ing : — 1. A new arrangement of the Pycnodont family, together 

 with descriptions of twelve new or imperfectly known species : viz., 

 two from the bituminous strata of the Karst, five from Dalmatia, two 

 from Monte Bolca, one from Cracovia, one from Mount Lebanon, 

 and one from Mont-iVime, near Chalons-sur-Marne ; 2. Two new 

 species belonging to the family of Cheirocentri (still represented by 

 an existing species) ; one from the Karst and the other from Monte 

 Bolca; 3. Three new species of the family Elopi, from the Karst; 



4. Two new species from Monte Bolca, Acanthurus LanosscB and 

 Carangodes cephalus ; one from Bude, Smerdis Budensis, and three 

 from the " Calcaire grossier " of the Leitha Mountains, near Vienna, 

 Lates Partschii (a Percoid), Labrus Agassizii, and L. parvulus ; 



5. An extinct genus, with pectinated anterior branchial operculum, 

 — Ctenopoma ; represented by one species, C. Temelka. 



[Count M.] 



On the Geology of the Environs q/^ Carlsbad. 

 By Dr. Hochstetter. 



[Proceed. Imp. Geolog. Instit. Vienna, December 18, 1855.] 



Since Becher made the first analysis of the Sprudel Spring (1770), 

 the chemical, mineralogical, and geological constitution of this water- 

 ing-place has attracted the attention of a great number of naturalists, 

 among whom Klaproth, L. von Buch, Struve, Goethe, Berzelius, von 

 Hofl^, von Warnsdofi"*, and Haidinger may be especially mentioned. 

 Klaproth (1790) attempted to explain the origin of the springs by 

 supposing coal-beds to have been in combustion, the heat having been 

 developed by the decomposition of pyrites. Berzehus (1823), struck 

 with the analogy between the environs of Carlsbad and the extinct 

 volcanoes of Auvergne and Vivarais, saw in these hot springs the last 

 and vanishing effect of primaeval volcanic action. The question is 



* See Quart. Journ. Geol. See. vol. xi. part 2, Miscell. p. 45. 



