44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
Saratoga Springs. The commercial production of carbon dioxid, 
formerly an important product from the wells at Saratoga, has 
ceased altogether, as a result of the legal proceedings recently taken 
against the companies operating wells for the purpose. The lands 
of these companies also have now been incorporated in the State 
reservation. Of the large number of springs once so used for gas 
or for the sale of bottled waters, only a few, like the Arondack, 
Vichy and Gurn, are still held in private hands. The report of 
the Commissioners of the State Reservation, -submitted in March 
1913, indicates that there has been a marked improvement in the 
flow of many of the wells since the stoppage of pumping operations 
by private owners. 
Of timely interest, in view of the proceedings looking toward the 
conservation of the mineral waters at Saratoga, is the report by 
James F. Kemp which appeared during 1912 as Bulletin 159 of 
the New York State Museum. After an introductory sketch of the 
historical features connected with the springs, the report describes 
the local geology in its bearing upon the methods of accumulation 
and storage of the waters, regarding which various views have been 
presented by geologists and chemists. There are chapters also on 
the composition of the springs, the carbon dioxid that accompanies 
their issue, temperature, gravity, classification, and variations that 
have been noted.in the character of certain springs with the lapse 
of time. In the discussion of origin, Professor Kemp brings out 
the various data that appear to be related to the problem, upon 
which he bases the conclusion that the waters are essentially deep- 
seated, though taking their content of calcium and magnesian car- 
bonates from the limestones near the surface and mingling with 
meteoric waters in their ascent. Numerous chemical analyses of 
the waters are appended to the text. 
NADU GAS 
The natural gas industry of New York has shown surprising 
vigor during the last few years. The State ranks as one of the 
first in which this valuable fuel was produced, but the resources 
have apparently not yet been developed to their maximum capacity, 
except perhaps in the oil well region which has been more thor- 
oughly prospected than any other section. The gas fields, as dis- 
tinct from those of oil and gas in the southern parts of Allegany 
and Cattaraugus counties, are mostly small as to area and by no 
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