62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
Glass sand. Sand for glass manufacture is obtained from the 
beach sands of Oneida lake and Long Island. The crude sand 
undergoes purification by washing to remove the clay, mica, iron 
oxid, organic matter, etc. The manufacture of window glass, once 
an important industry in the central part of the State in the vicinity 
of Oneida lake where the sand was obtained, is no longer carried 
on, as competition with the industry in regions more favored by 
fuel supplies rendered it unprofitable. The small product of a few 
thousand tons is shipped elsewhere for manufacture. 
Building sand. The use of sand and gravel in building and 
engineering work calls for enormous quantities of these materials. 
The business of excavating and transporting them to market is a 
purely local one, except in certain parts of Long Island from which 
the supply for New York and its environs is mostly obtained. 
A complete census of the sand industry can be obtained only 
with an outlay of labor and expense which the results would hardly 
justify. The figures given herewith are simply an approximation 
based on reports received from producers operating in the principal 
localities which sustain a more or less steady output. They no 
doubt understate the total, as there are a large number of small 
producers who do not report. | 
The combined value of the sand and gravel as returned for the 
year 1912 was $1,996,671. The total for the preceding year was 
$1,229,103. Of the amounts named, $1,156,002 represents the 
value of the sand and $840,669 that of gravel. Nassau county alone 
had an output of 2,411,866 cubic yards of sand and 546,687 cubic 
yards of gravel with a combined value of $1,539,621. 
SAND-LIME BRICK 
The sand-lime brick manufacturers experienced a very success- 
ful season in 1912, as evidenced by their large output. They were 
favored by an active demand for structural materials that obtained 
throughout most sections of the State, and it would appear also 
that the material has been gaining in popularity since its rather 
recent appearance on the market. There were fewer plants oper- 
ated than in earlier years, but the average production was con- 
siderably larger. 
The number of brick made within the year was 21,231,000, as 
compared with 15,178,000 in 1911. The total has never been ex- 
ceeded; the largest output previously was in 1906 when it numbered 
17,080,000. The value of the product for the last season was 
