70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
put of 958,763 cubic yards valued at $607,107. The other leading 
counties were Dutchess, Rockland, Ulster, Onondaga, Genesee and 
Albany. 
Lime. The value of lime made for market last year was $452,002 
as compared with $400,396 in 1911. In quantity, it amounted to 
93,176 short tons. In addition there was a large output made in 
connection with chemical manufactures, such as alkali, carbide etc., 
which, as it was not sold as such, has been included under “ other 
uses.” The principal quarries for lime manufacture are in Warren, 
Clinton, Washington, Lewis and Jefferson counties. 
Building stone. The limestones found in the State have a lim- 
ited sale for building purposes, and few quarries supply more than 
a local demand, so that their output fluctuates greatly from year 
to year. The restricted market seems to be due to the fact that the 
limestones are prevailingly of grayish color in medium to dark tints, 
whereas the present demand is for white or very light gray stone 
such as the Bedford stone. The extending use of concrete has also 
been a factor in the recent decline of the cut-stone trade, though 
it has increased the sale of crushed stone. 
The total product of building stone, according to the returns 
for 1912, had a value of $108,581. This was a little larger than 
the value for 1911 which amounted to $99,049, but considerably 
less than the totals reported in some of the earlier years. Erie 
county as usual was first in this branch of the trade; its output was 
valued at $67,912. Cayuga, Onondaga, Montgomery, Warren and 
St Lawrence counties contributed smaller amounts. 
Furnace flux. The output of stone for use in blast furnaces, 
foundry furnaces and other metallurgical operations has assumed 
large proportions. For such purposes, a relatively pure material is 
desired, though the presence of magnesia may not be detrimental 
to some applications as in iron smelting. The principal quarries of 
flux are in the Onondaga limestone of Erie and Genesee counties 
and the Clinton limestones of Niagara county. Smaller amounts 
of flux are obtained from the Precambric crystalline limestones in 
St Lawrence and Essex counties, the Chazy limestone in Clinton 
county, and other formations. 
The production of flux in 1912 was valued at $542,154, represent- 
ing a total of 1,032,481 tons. The corresponding figures for the 
preceding year were $454,800 and in quantity 792,248 tons. Niagara 
county had the largest production, with Erie in second place. 
