THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY I9QI2 gi 
making artificial stone, using the waste from the former operations. 
The marble is used with white portland cement to make a very 
light-colored product, or mixed with darker rock, in which case 
the finished material is a close imitation of granite. The stone, 
after casting in molds, is usually hammer dressed. 
The Kapailo Manufacturing Co. has a crushing plant at the old 
Tuckahoe Marble Company’s quarry where it makes crushed stone, 
sand and dust for concrete and stucco. The company has recently 
pumped out the quarry which it intends to operate for its uses. 
SANDSTONE 
Under sandstones are included the sedimentary rocks which 
consist essentially of quartz grains held together by some cement- 
ing substance. Among the varieties distinguished by textural fea- 
tures are sandstones proper, conglomerates, grits and quartzites. 
Of the sedimentary rocks which occur in the State, sandstone 
has the largest areal distribution, while in economic importance it 
ranks second only to limestone. Nearly all the recognized strati- 
graphic divisions above the Archean contain sandstones at one or 
more horizons. The kinds chiefly quarried are the Potsdam, Hud- 
son River, Medina and Devonic sandstones. A few quarries have 
been opened also in the Shawangunk conglomerate and the Clinton 
and Triassic sandstones. 
The Potsdam of the Upper Cambric is the lowest and earliest in 
_ age of the sandstones that have a fairly wide distribution and are 
utilized for building purposes. The most extensive outcrops are 
along the northern and northwestern borders of the Adirondacks, 
in Clinton, Franklin, St Lawrence and Jefferson counties. Other 
exposures of smaller extent are found in the Lake Champlain valley 
and on the southeastern edge of the Adirondack region. These 
latter areas represent the remnants of a once continuous belt that has 
been broken up by folding, faulting and erosion. The Potsdam 
sandstone has in many places the character of a quartzite, consist- 
ing of quartz grains cemented by a secondary deposition of quartz, 
_and then is a very hard, tough and durable stone. The quartzite from 
St Lawrence county has sustained a crushing test of more than 
42,000 pounds to the square inch. The color varies from deep red 
to pink and white. The principal quarries are near Potsdam and 
Redwood, St Lawrence county, and Malone and Burke, Franklin 
county. Besides building stone, which is the chief product, there 
