24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
The foundation rocks of the whole province comprise various 
formations of Precambric, Cambric, and Ordovicic ages, while in 
a few places mere surface layers of Siluric, Devonic, and Mesozoic 
strata occur (see geologic map, figure 1). All the rocks, except 
these few younger surface layers, are highly folded, which consti- 
tutes the most characteristic structural feature of the whole prov- 
ince. In fact, as is hereafter shown (see chapter 4), there are here 
exposed the roots or remnants of a portion of the great and very 
ancient Taconic mountain range which at one time occupied this 
Helderberg Mountains 
Hudson river 
son river 
ms) 
© 
a 
zs 
arg 
Quaternary — sands % clays 
Fee Devore —CahKil sandstone 
P7=7-2\ Devonic — Onondaga ¢ Hamilterr 
(ZA limestone and shale. 
fc Siluric— Salina himestone 
fee Siluric —Shawangunk conglomerate 
BBrotoive- Hudson shale or sle¥a. 
Third Binne- 
water lake 
4 
\ 
Fic. 8 Section from southwest to northeast through Albany county and 
showing the Taconic folds near the Hudson. ~ 
Fic. 9 Section from northwest to southeast across Ulster county and 
passing through Slide mountain and Highland village. Taconic and Appa- 
lachian folds both sides, as well as the structure of Shawangunk mountain. 
Fic. 10 More detailed section through cement district at Whiteport, Ulster 
county. Both Taconic and Appalachian folds are well exhibited. 
These sections all modified after Darton, N. Y. State Mus. Rep’t 47, 1894, pp. 430, 490, 532 
region. Thus from the geologic standpoint, the term Taconic 
province would be appropriate. All along the border of the prov- 
ince, as well as throughout the Hudson Highlands, the rocks are 
rather severely metamorphosed. 
Highlands-of-the-Hudson. The Hudson Highlands extend 
across the Hudson valley in a northeast-southwest direction, and 
cover southern Orange county and northern Rockland county, 
and the region from southern Dutchess southward across Putnam 
