THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK STATE 17 
the bones of walruses and whales, have been found at altitudes of 
about 400 feet near the southern end of Lake Champlain, to 500 
feet at its northern end, and 600 or more feet at the eastern end 
of Lake Ontario. In the lower Hudson river valley the deposits 
of this age are about 70 feet above sea level, and at Albany a little 
over 300 feet. The altitudes of these so-called raised beaches show 
how much lower the land was during the time of greatest sub- 
mergence, and that the subsidence was most toward the north. 
The most recent movement of the earth’s crust over the area 
of the State was the very recent gradual elevation which expelled 
the Champlain sea and left the land at its present altitude. The 
altitudes of the raised Champlain beaches show that the greatest 
elevation was on the north. The warping of the Iroquois beaches 
already described occurred at this same time. Actual surveys dur- 
ing the past century have proved that the upward movement in the 
northern Great Lakes region is still progressing at the rate of 5 
inches in 100 miles in 100 years. 
