16 The Oceanic Languages Shemitic : 



Postfixed we find it in Sirang delapante, samhilante, 

 8, 9 ; Aneiteum, ohwat, 2 ; Salawatti Jiet, 7 ; Tandia roesi, 

 toeroesi, attesi, 2, 3, 4. 



6. a, 0, e, i, Pelew aim, 5 ; Otaheite a eeva, 9 ; Mada- 

 gascar isse, essa, eser, Papuan of New Guinea oser^ Arago 

 ossa, Waigyou ossa, and sai, 1. 



7. To be noted in the above is the use of what may 

 be called the compound article, as Santo morua, Tidore 

 nialofo, 2 ; Tagala dalova, Ceram darua, 2 ; Santo molima, 

 Salibabo delima, 5. 



8. Full discussion of these articles must be reserved till 

 the Demonstratives come to be specially treated. Mean- 

 time it may be observed that they are all found in Oceanic 

 used as articles with other nouns, as well as with the 

 numerals : for instance, the first, I, is the common article in 

 Samoan; the second, n, is in like manner the common article 

 in Malagasy, Fatese,, and the New Hebrides (Papuan) 

 generally. And it may be said that it is certain that they 

 are simply demonstratives originally meaning " this." Thus 

 in Fatese alone (in dialects) we find n, k, s, and i (e) used 

 as demonstratives, fatu in, fatu he, fatu se, fatu i (or e) all 

 meaning " stone this," or, as we say in English, " this stone ;" 

 also ^ as r in erai, " this " (in one dialect), and even m is 

 used as an article (before names of men), and as a final 

 emphatic which is sometimes changed to b, /, and u. In 

 Malagasy ra (for la) is used as an article before names of 

 persons, and ireo (for ileo) is " these," iroa, " that," and we 

 have also the k in irikitra, irokatra, "that." Compare 

 Malay iki and ini, Malagasy iny, itsy, and izao, Samoan sia, 

 " this," and Malay itu, " that, he, the," Malagasy ity, " this," 

 and Eromangan imo, " this." 



On the Shemitic demonstratives I, n, t, s {d, z), k, and a 

 (ha), see Dillmann, Eth. Gram., § 62. For the Arabic article I, 

 South Arabian m, see Wright, Arab. Gram. I. § 345. For 

 Assyrian ammw, and ma, " this," see Sayce, Assy. Gram., 

 p. 60. These Oceanic and Shemitic demonstratives are held 

 to be the same, but this is not the place for discussing that. 

 It is sufficient here to observe that in the numerals com- 

 pared, in the following, on both sides, they will be seen so 

 far as used to be similarly used. For example, with the 

 above final m emphatic compare the (Assyrian and) Sabaean 

 " mimation" or final m emphatic. 



§ 3. In what follows all the Oceanic numerals compared 

 with each other, and all the Shemitic with which they are 



