18 The Oceanic Languages Shemitic: 



The final a of ua is the ancient Shemitic dual ending or 

 inflection ; see the " Personal Pronoun," § 10, for the proof. 

 And see the same for proof that an older form of ua is 

 uva; seen in Mallicollo ivan (in drivan), Tagala clalava, 

 dalova, daluva (Ceram darua), and Tidore malofo (Santo 

 TnoTua), 2. We have now to show that a still older form 

 was uma. 



In Samang ua is he, in Karon we, and in Tanna in the 

 dual of nouns it is mi ; thus " boat " (English) is boat riti, 

 " one boat," boat iiiii, " two boats," in Fatese boat erua. 

 The Tanna numeral 2 is hary,. This shows how the 

 article helps to disguise the original word : thus, suppose 

 it was uma, with r, ruma, ruva, ruwa, rua, karu. So in 

 Aneiteum we have ero and okiuat (for ova-t) 2, New Britain 

 aiwut, New Guinea (Papua Kowiay) amioi, abom^a, Mair- 

 assi amooi, Duauru bo, po, 2 : aboma is article ab (for am), 

 see § 2, and oma, 2, so am^oi, and amooi {amiui) is article 

 a'^n and oi or ui {ua, uma, oma), 2, and bo, loo, is article 

 am, and o (for ua, uma, o'iuu), 2. Thus the only difference 

 between Aneiteum ro, Tanna ru, and Duauru bo, po, is that 

 different articles are used: r (for I), and b or p (for on), the 

 word for 2 being the same o, u (for oma, uma), while 

 between aboma and bo there is not any difference of article, 

 both words alike being by phonetic corruption from the 

 same original amom^a 2 (am article, and oma, 2). 



The original, therefore, was oma or uma. That this is 

 of the same origin as the ancient Shemitic dual pronoun, 

 Arabic huma (cf. Savu Ihua, 2), Sabaean hami, "they- 

 two/' see "The Personal Pronoun," §§ 10, 15, 16. 



3. The numeral 3. Malay tiga is the common Oceanic 

 tolu or tilu, with the I elided^ and the demonstrative g post- 

 fixed, as Aneiteum eseih Thus compare Malay ti-ga, 

 Aneiteum esei-k, with Ambry m si, Duauru ti, Mallicollo 

 roi, Redscar Bay toi, Marquesas and Api tou, Pelew othay, 

 in all of which there is the same elision of the I. Java talu, 

 New Guinea tola, Botuma thol, Ambrym sul, Api selu, 

 Sumatra tloo, Mangarei titu. In some cases both t (s) and 

 I are elided, as in Eddy stone kuay, Jower (New Guinea) 

 re-oe, in which k and re are the articles. 



4. The numeral 4. In Malagasy efatra (Madagascar effat) 

 the final t being the same as in Malay ampat, Fate bate, 

 and wanting in Samoan and Maori-Hawaiian generally. 

 In Sumatra we have ampah, opat, m^pat, paat ; Tagala apat, 

 Malay dialect enpa, Sula riha Savu uppah, Cayagan appa, 



