m 



LICHENES OF THE NORTHERN STATES 



length rugose. Fr. I. c. Lecanora subfusca, ^ L. epibryon, Ach. — 

 /?. distans, Fr. ; cr. thin ; apoth. orbiculale, margin elevated, crenulate, 

 disk thin, pale, at first pruinose, finally naked. Fr. 1. c. Lecanora 

 distans, Ach. 



Trunks, dead wood, rocks, and stones. — /}, trunks. New England. 

 New York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, Muhl. Northward to Arctic Amer- 

 ica, Rich. 



56. P. albella, Ach. Cr. cartilagineous, thin, milk-white; apoth. or- 

 biculate, tumid, pale-flesh-colored, whitish-pruinose, margin very en- 

 lire, subevanescent. Ach. Syn. p. 168. Fr. Siwim. Fl. Scand. P. 

 subfusca, y. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 139. — /S. angulosa, Fr. ; apoth. aggre- 

 gated, angulose-irregular, disk livid-fuscous, glaucous-pruinose, with a 

 fle.xuous, subpersistent margin. Fr. Simim. Fl. Scand. P. subfusca, d. 

 Fr. Lichenogr. p. 139. P. angulosa, Ach. 



Trunks ; New England. New York (« and (3), Halsey. 



57. P. ccesio-rubella, Ach. Cr. thin, softish, white ; apoth. scat- 

 tered (rather large), disk plane, becoming at length somewhat tumid, 

 pale-reddish and fuscescent, at first CBesious-pruinose, equalling the tu- 

 mid very entire margin. Ach. Syn. p. 267. 



Trunks ; New England. New York, HaZsf]/. Pennsylvania, MmAZ. 



58. P. atra, Ach. Cr. cartilagineous, at length granulose-verrucose, 

 glaucescent ; hypoth. black ; apoth. sessile, disk at length somewhat tu- 

 mid, polished, very black, within black, with an elevated, persistent, 

 subentire margin. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 141. 



Rocks and stones ; New England. New York, Halsey. Pennsylva- 

 nia, Muhl. Arctic America, Rich. 



59. P. cinerea, Fr. Cr. subtartareous, areolate-rimose, glaucous-ci- 

 nereous ; hypoth. black ; apoth. innate, disk naked, nigrescent, pale 

 within, with a black, obtuse, subelevated thalline margin. Fr. Lichen- 

 ogr. p. 142. Urceolaria, Ach. 



Rocks and stones, very common, and passing into many varieties. 

 An ochraceous state (Urceolaria Acharii, Ach.) occurs not uhcom- 

 monly about mountain streams. New England. New York, Hiilsey. 

 Arctic America, Rich. 



60. P. badia, Fr. Cr. cartilagineous, rimosc-areolate, subsquamulose, 

 dark-olive; hypoth. black; disk naked, polished, fuscous-black, with 

 an entire, persistent thalline margin. -Fr. Lichenogr. p. 147. 



