AND BRITISH AMERICA. 49 



upward from a thick base, verrucose with subsquamaceous granules. 

 Ach. Lichenogr. p. 535. 



On the earth, &c., very common and variable ; New England, and 

 westward. New York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, Muhl. North to the 

 Saskatchawan, &c., Rich.; Greenland, Gieseke ; and Melville Island, 

 R. Br. — (?, in moist crevices of rocks in the mountains of New Eng- 

 land ; perhaps the handsomest state of the species. A frequent rail- 

 Lichen (Bceomyces scolecinus, Ach., Pycnothelia scol., Tuckerm. 

 Lich. N. E.) is a degeneration. Infertile states are easily confounded 

 with similar states of several other species. ■.. 



6. C gracilis, Fr. Th. squamulose ; podetia cartilagineous-corti- 

 cate, polished ; scyphi somewhat plane ; apoih. fuscescent. Fr. Lidten- 

 ogr. p. 218. — a. verlicillata,¥r. \ podetia shorter, all scyphiferous ; 

 scyphi dilated, plane, proliferous for the most part from the centre. Fr. 

 I. c. C. verliciUafa, Hoffm. Floerk. ! Clad. p. 26. — (?. cervicornis, 

 Auct. ; th. of conspicuous, elongated, erectish, naked, dark-green squa- 

 mules ; podetia as in the next, of which this is the macrophylline state. 

 — y. hyhrida, Fr. ; podetia longer and larger, mostly scyphiferous; 

 scyphi dilated, and commonly proliferous from the margin. Fr. I. c. — 

 <J. elongata, Fr. ; podetia elongated, mostly subulate or furcate ; scyphi 

 diminished, somewhat concave. Fr. ! 1. c. Cenomyce gracilis, Ach. 

 Cladonia, Hoffm. Floerk. ! Clad. p. 30. Tuckerm. Lich. N. E. L c. 

 Lichen, L. — * vermicularis, Auct. ; podetia papyraceous, prostrate, 

 subulate, subsimple, imperforate, white. C. vermicularis, DC. C. su- 

 buliformis, Hoffm. Tuckerm. I. c. — ** taurica, Auct. ; podetia papy- 

 raceous, erectish, ventricose, ramose, white. C. taurica, Hoffm, C. 

 subuliformis, (S. taurica, Tuckerm. I. c. 



On the earth, most perfect, and in all the varieties, on high moun- 

 tains ; — ;' being an alpine state, but descending ; and * and ** alpine 

 degenerations.t New England and westward. New York («), Hal- 

 sey. Pennsylvania, Muhl. North to Point Lake, &c,. Rich.; and 

 Greenland, Gieseke. 



7. C. degenerans, Floerk. Th. squamulose ; podetia cartilagineous- 

 corticate, irregularly proliferous-ramose (glabrous or granulate-furfura- 

 ceous), more or less squamulose-e.xasperate, green-pallescent, becoming 



t " Apothecia lateralia, sparsa, atra. thallo iiinata, eoque submarglnata, apoth. 

 Roccellte aliquo modo accedenlia," were observed by Brown in some Arctic Amer- 

 ican specimens of* (R. Br. in Parry's First Voy. App. p. 307). 



7 



