AND BRITISH AMERICA. 29 



15. P. Fahhmensis, Ach. Th. subcartilagineous, smoothish, from 

 dark-olive becoming blackish ; on the under side paler, subfibrillose ; 

 lacinicB digitate-mullifid, somewhat plane, subcanaliculate ; apoth. dark- 

 fuscous, crenulate. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 66. — /S. sciastra, Fr. ; smaller, 

 orbicular ; apoth. subentire. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 67. Parrnelia, Ach. 



Alpine and subalpine rocks, and occurring also at lower elevations 

 in mountainous districts. White Mountains ; Chin of Mansfield, and 

 other of the Green Mountains; fertile. Northward to Newfoundland, 

 Pylaie, and Arctic America, Rich. — /J, Greenland, Dill. 



16. P. slygia, Ach. Th. subcartilagineous, shining, from oliva- 

 ceous-fuscous becoming black ; very black on the under side and ob- 

 soletely fibrillose ; lacinise palmate-multifid, sublinear, convex, recurved 

 at the apices ; apoth. fuscous-black, crenate. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 67. — 

 /?. lanala, Mey. ; lacinise setaceous, filiform, terete, intricate, fuscous- 

 nigrescent; apoth. subgranulate-marginate. Mey. Enlioick. der Flecht. 

 p. 231. Fr. I. c. p. 68. Cornicularia lanata, Ach. Syn. p. 302. 



Alpine and subalpine rocks. White Mountains and the higher Green 

 Mountains. Northward to Newfoundland, Pylaie, and Arctic Amer- 

 ica, R. Br. — (9, White Mountains, infertile. Northward to Arctic 

 America, Hook. Melville Island, jR. Br. 



Series 3. Ochroleucce, Fr. 



17. P. caperala, Ach. Th. submembranaceous, orbicular, rugose 

 (or granulose-pulverulent), ochroleucous ; on the under side blackish 

 and sparingly fibrillose ; lobes sinuate-laciniate, rounded, somewhat 

 entire at the apices ; apoth. fuscous-red, margin tumid-incurved, ru- 

 gose-crenate. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 69. 



Trunks and stones, not commonly fertile ; New England. New 

 York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, Muhl. Westward to Illinois, Russell ! 

 North to Arctic America, Rich. 



18. P. conspersa, Ach. Th. submembranaceous, smoothish, pol- 

 ished (oflener black-punctate), greenish-straw-colored ; fuscous and 

 black-fibrillose beneath ; lacinias variously flexuous, somewhat plane at 

 the circumference, sinuate ; apoth. dark-chestnut, margin subentire. 

 Fr. Lichenogr. p. 69. — /5. stenophylla, Ach. ; lacinise elongated, lin- 

 ear, pinnatifid, imbricate-complicate. Ach. Syn. p. 209. 



Rocks and stones, commonly remarkable for its very numerous 

 apothecia ; New England. New York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, Muhl. 

 North to Arctic America, Rich. Degenerate on rails, &c. 



