16 LICHENES OP THE NORTHERN STATES 



10. C. ciliaris, Ach. Th. subcoriaceous, foliaceous, reticulate-lac- 

 unose, greenish glaucous becoming fuscescent ; whitish-fuscescent be- 

 neath ; lacinise ascendant, crisped, ciliate or black-denticulate ; apoth. 

 elevated, blackish-fuscous, with a crenate margin. Ach. Syn. p. 227. 



Trunks of trees, and old rails, common and fertile ; ascending to 

 subalpine districts, where it is often very small, and resembles the last ; 

 New England. New York, Halsey. Pennsylvania, Mulil. ! 



11. C. lacunosa, Ach. Th. cartilagineous-coriaceous, foliaceous, 

 round-lobed, rugose-reticulate-cellulose, glaucescent; whitish on the un- 

 der side, or spotted with white ; lacinise ascending, the margins crenate, 

 crisped, black-denticulate ; apoth. large, elevated, dark-reddish, entire. 

 Ach. Meth. 295, t. 5, f. 3, Syn. p. 227. Lichen cavernosus, Menz. 

 herh. — /?. Ailantica, Tuckerra. ; cartilagineous-membranaceous, lacu- 

 nose-reticulate ; apoth. at length perforate. C. lacunosa, Hals. Lich. 

 N. Y., I. c. & Auct. Amer. C. Tuckermanii, OaJces in Sill. Jour. 



Trunks of trees, and old rails. — a. Northwest coast, Menzies ! — 

 §, Lake Superior to New England, fertile. New York, Halsey. Penn- 

 sylvania, Mulil. The plant of Menzies differs from ours considerably, 

 but more specimens of the Oregon Lichen are required, to settle the 

 distinctness of the two. 



12. C. placorodia, Tuckerm. Th. subcartilagineous, foliaceous, of 

 narrow, at first smooth and discrete, at length convex, concrete, and 

 plicate lobes, finally besprinkled with black grains or wholly isidioph- 

 orous, pale livid-glaucous; on the underside fuscescent, rugose, smooth, 

 sparingly fibrillose ; lacinife crisped, crenate; apoth. marginal, peltate 

 on the ascending lobules, from pale fuscous becoming dark chestnut, 

 with an inflexed crenate margin, at length explanate. Parmelia pla- 

 corodia, Ach. ! Syn. p. 196. 



Trunks (normal), Chelmsford, Russell! and common on rails, when 

 (like C. ciliaris, C. lacunosa, and others) it assumes a Parmeliaceous 

 aspect. From Parmelia it appears to me distinct, in its marginal, ob- 

 liquely affixed apothecia, and its smooth, reticulate-rugose under-side. 

 Acharius was acquainted only with the rail-Lichen. 



13. C. aurescens, Tuckerm. Th. subcoriaceous, foliaceous, plane, 

 sinuate-lobed, yellowish-green ; beneath whitish with pale fuscescent 

 fibres ; margins of the lobes elevated, crisped, black-denticulate ; apoth. 

 large, elevated, chestnut, with a thin crenulate margin. 



Trunks and branches of Coniferae, New Hampshire. And old rails, 

 Massachusetts. 



