AND BRITISH AMERICA. 15 



Fr. Lichenogr. p. 36. — p. plalyna, Fr. ; laciniae broader, flattish, 

 waved. Fr. I. c. — ■/. crispa, Ach. ; lacinice narrow, crisped, with 

 connivent margins. Fr. I. c. ^ I . i^.l ^fi loif . 



On the earth in alpine and subalpine districts, and at lower eleva- 

 tions northward, abundant and fertile; y not found elsewhere. Also 

 degenerate and sterile on hill-sides, and in sandy fields near the coast, 

 throughout New England. New York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, Mulil. 



6. C cucuUata, Kch. Th. subfoliaceous, sinuate-laciniate,ochroleu- t, /)v, / 

 cous, sanguineous-fuscous at the base, margins connivent and waved ; 



apoth. adnate to the under side of the lobes, disk pale-flesh-colored. 

 Fr. Lichenogr. p. 37. 



On the earth in alpine and subalpine districts. White Mountains, 

 fertile. Northward to Arctic America, Rich. 



7. C. nivalis, Ach. Th. foliaceous, erectish, lacunose-reticulate, 

 lacerate-laciniate, ochroleucous, yellowish at the base ; lacinise canalic- ' 

 ulate-patulous, crisped ; apoth. marginal, crenulate, yellowish-flesh-col- 

 ored. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 38. 



On the earth in alpine and subalpine districts. White Mountains, 

 fertile. Northward to Arctic America, R. Br. (Scoresby). 



§11. Mem.hr anacecB, Fr. Thallus coriaceous-membranaceous, 

 the sterile fronds subdepressed. 



8. C. glauca, Ach. Th. membranaceous, foliaceous, expanded, 

 sinuate-lobed, ascendant, glaucous (and cinerascent) ; becoming black 

 on the under side ; apoth. terminal, peltate, dark-reddish-chestnut. Fr. 

 Lichenogr. p. 38. — «. fertilis, Fr. ; laciniae elongated, channelled, 

 becoming whitish on both sides, or spotted with white. Fr. I. c. — 

 j5. sterilis, Fr. ; lacinis shorter, wider, subdepressed, the under side 

 fuscous-black. Fr. I. c. 



Trunks of trees, stones, &c., in mountain forests, and elsewhere; 

 New England. Northward to Newfoundland, Pylaie. 



9. C. sepincola, Ach. Th. membranaceous, foliaceous, ascendant, !''- I 

 laciniate, from green becoming olivaceous-fuscescent ; paler beneath ; 

 lacinise plane (the margins sometimes crisped, pulverulent), fertile ones 



short ; apoth. adnate to the upper side of the lobes, dark-fuscous. Fr. 

 Lichenogr. p. 39. 



Trees and dead wood. Branches of dwarf firs, with C. pinastri. 

 White Mountains, fertile. Arctic America, Rich. Hudson's Bay, 

 Herh. Banks ! Northwest Coast, Menzies ! 



