12 LICHENES OF THE NORTHERN STATES 



8. E. prunastn, Ach. Th. subfoliaceous, ochroleucous (and palles- 

 cent), lacinias linear-attenuate, rugose-lacunose ; on the under side 

 somewhat channelled and white ; apoth. subpedicellate, cyathiform, 

 rufous. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 25. - ■ 



Trees and shrubs, more rarely on stones and rails. Arctic A^mer- 

 ica, Rich. Canada, fertile, Herh. Hook. ! More common with us in 

 degenerate states. New England. New York, Terr. Pennsylvania, 

 Muhl. 



9. E. furfuracea, Mann. Th. subfoliaceous, glaucous (oftener ci- 

 nereous-furfuraceous), lacinias linear, dichotomous ; channelled and 

 becoming black on the under side ; apoth. pedicellate, disk rufescent. 

 Fr. Lichenogr. p. 26. Borrera, Ach. — ^. Cladonia, Tuckerm. ; suf- 

 fruticulose, naked, lacinise patent, much branched, and often somewhat 

 thyrsoid-entangled. 



Trunks, common and fertile ; more rarely on stones, &c. ; New 

 England. New York, Halsey. — /S, firs and other trees, on the moun- 

 tains of Northern New England, fertile. 



III. RAMALINA, Ach. 



Apothecia rounded, scutelliform, thick, pedicellate-subpeltate, scat- 

 tered upon both sides of the thallus, disk open, placed upon the (green) 

 gonimous stratum. Thallus originally erect, ramose-laciniate, similar 

 throughout, and of the same color. 



Two species occurring in the North of Europe are as yet whol- 

 ly wanting with us : — R. pollinaria, Ach., with a softish, flaccid, 

 corrugated thallus besprinkled with white powdery spots ; and R. 

 scopiilorum, Ach., with a thick, rigid, polished, often terete thallus, at- 

 taining to a very large size. At the extreme South, we may possibly 

 have some West Indian species, or others peculiar to this continent. 

 The late Mr. Menzies kindly presented me with two, collected by him 

 on the coast of the Mexican State of California, which may be noticed 

 briefly in this place. It is probable the first, at least, has been already 

 described, but I have not been able to find any account of it. R. reti- 

 formis, Menz. herb. ; subcartilagineous, much elongated, the irregular 

 flexuous branches dilated above and regularly reticulate-perforate ; 

 apoth. lateral. Monterey ! — R. Menziesii, Tuckerm. ; submembrana- 

 ceous, thin, deeply lacunose or plane, canaliculate, smooth ; apoth. 

 lateral, sessile, with a thin, elevated margin. R. scopulorum 1 Menz. 

 herh. R. scopulorum, var. tenuissima. Hook, if Am. in Beechey's Voy. 



